How Does Cigarette Smoke Affect Alveoli in the Lungs

How Does Cigarette Smoke Affect Alveoli in the Lungs Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases Print How Does Cigarette Smoke Affect Alveoli in the Lungs? By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 16, 2020 Illustration of alveolar sacs in lungs. Science Picture Co/Collection Mix: Subjects/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use Smoking-Related Diseases After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Alveoli (singular is alveolus) are tiny, delicate air sacs deep within the lungs. They look like little clusters of grapes at the ends of the bronchial branches in the lungs. How Many Alveoli Are in the Lungs? When we inhale, air enters the lungs and travel through passageways to reach 300,000,000 alveoli.?? The size of a single alveolus has an approximate  diameter of 200-500 microns, regardless of lung size.?? As a point of reference, one micron is a millionth of a meter. The diameter of a human hair is about 70 microns, so one alveolus would be close to equal the diameter of three human hairs put together. Tiny! Alveoli contain collagen and elastin.  Collagen offers firmness to the air sac structure and elastin, bounce. When air is inhaled into the lungs, elastin allows alveoli to expand, and upon exhalation, spring back to their original size. The total surface area of all alveoli in a healthy adult set of lungs is approximately 70 square meters, or 800 square feet (approximately the size of half a tennis court).   Function of Alveoli Much of the outside surface area of lung alveoli are  covered with tiny capillaries.?? These capillaries and the walls of alveoli share a very thin membrane that allows oxygen from inhaled air to pass through the walls of alveoli and enter the bloodstream via the capillaries.  At the same time, carbon dioxide is pushed out in the same way when the air is exhaled. The total amount of surface area available for this gas/blood exchange determines how well a person is able to breathe.?? In a normal healthy adult, there is an abundance of available area for this process. Smokers Lungs vs. Normal Healthy Lungs Cigarette Smoking Over time, the toxins from inhaled cigarette smoke break the thin walls of alveoli, leaving larger, less efficient air sacs. The sacs also begin to lose their bounce, making it harder to bring in the oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.?? Both can become partially trapped in the lungs.  In a smoker, this process signals the beginning of emphysema, a form of COPD.   The damage from emphysema cannot be reversed.  Once air sacs are broken, they do not mend. However, if exposure to cigarette smoke  stops soon enough, the damage can be halted.  If smoking continues, there will come a point where lung damage will progress regardless of whether a person stops smoking or not. Good Reasons to Stop Smoking Now The lesson here is to stop smoking as soon as you possibly can.  Every cigarette you smoke is hurting your body in numerous ways. Cigarette smoke is chock full of chemicals that cause cancer and are poisonous.   Some cigarette additives are radioactive and there is evidence that these chemicals leave permanent radioactive deposits in the smokers lungs. Researchers believe this is a contributing factor to the risk of ?lung cancer.?? Once inhaled, cigarette toxins hitch a ride through your bloodstream via the alveoli where they have access to every organ in your body. Its no wonder that cigarette use is linked to so many diseases. There is nothing to recommend smoking.  We think we enjoy it, but its an addiction, plain and simple. Practical Tools to Help You Quit Smoking

The Electronic Medical Records Is A Complex Entity

Healthcare is a complex entity that encompasses a variety of specialties necessary toward meeting the needs of patient seeking clinical services. There are multiple communications necessary to efficiently meet patient needs. For many years detailed documentation, progress notes, specialty consults, and physician orders have been hand written. The legibility of this documentation was often illegible, and difficult to decipher, which resulted in clarification orders and often delays. The electronic medical record was introduced approximately 50 years ago with an ultimate goal of compiling healthcare information for immediate and future reference (Keller, 2016). Since the electronic medical records was initially implemented multiple versions have since been created. Successfully implementing the electronic medical record, requires a great deal of research to ensure that the specifications align with the organization’s short and long term goals. Need for Transition As healthcare continues to evolve, it is necessary that care provided is documented efficiently and without error. This documentation should be readily available whenever needed. The electronic health record is a database that provides a reflection of all care provided. This database would be beneficial to healthcare professionals providing care to new and frequent patients. Assessment documentation, physician orders, progress noted, and results review will be beneficial when comparing current assessmentsShow MoreRelatedElectronic Health Records ( Ehr ) And The American Recovery Reinvestment Act1735 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction With the advent of electronic health records (EHR’s) and The American Recovery Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009, electronic health records have become main stream and a requirement for healthcare providers who treat Medicaid and Medicare patients. An electronic health record (EHR) is a digital version of a patient’s paper chart (Health IT, n.d.). EHRs are real-time, patient-centered records that make information available instantly and securely to authorized users. A portion of ARRARead MoreConversion to Electronic Health Records Essay1039 Words   |  5 PagesWhat an exciting time to become part of the health care industry! Medical research makes new discoveries to improve the quality of patient care and save lives on a daily basis. Health care reform is gaining momentum, revolutionizing the industry and requiring many administrative changes, such as the creation of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Rules and standards evolved from this act provide a way to ensure your protected health information remains confidentialRead MoreEssay Hybrid Health Record1063 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Record Hybrid Health Record Ryan Engle 250129 Western Governor’s University Abstract Management of health records is becoming increasingly complex. I will discuss the management of â€Å"Hybrid† health records, including legal issues. Additionally, I will evaluate a sample record policy for compliance with Washington State Administrative Code, Medicare Conditions of Participation, and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability act. Hybrid Health Record Electronic Health Records (EHR)Read MoreTechnology Plan Essay1182 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation by health care providers that bill electronically, health plans, health care clearinghouses and third-party entities that do work for them, but the heart of HIPAA is the privacy rule, with a laudable goal which is to protect the confidentiality of health care information that can identify individuals. The rule limits use or disclosure of patient’s health information by covered entities and others with access to the information. It also gives individuals federal rights with respect to their patientsRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Healthcare813 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment of electronic health records (EHR) history began within about the last 50 years with acceleration taking place since the January 2009 passage of Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), which was over a 30 billion dollar healthcare delivery EHR transformation. In the beginning EHR was only available to large organizations who could handle complex IT management systems, then with the launch of the Internet communication and data sharing with other entities andRead MoreFuture Reform of Healthcare Medical Records1419 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Future Medical Record Reform By 2030, we can predict that traditional paper and manually recorded medical records will be ancient history and that universal technical systems will be in place. EHRs (electronic health records) systems are collections of digital medical records kept by health care facilities and affiliates such as hospitals, doctors offices, and insurance companies (Lynn, 2011). The intention of the EHR system is to extend health information technology into the realm of patientRead MoreHealth Information Technology For Economic And Clinical Health1283 Words   |  6 PagesRecovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, to promote the adoption and meaningful use of health information technology (Mangalmurti, Murtagh and Mello 2060). The HITECH Act authorizes grants and incentives to promote the â€Å"meaningful use† of electronic health records (EHR) by providers (2060). The effect is a high commitment to a technology-led system reform, urging a renewed national commitment to building an informati on infrastructure to support health care delivery, consumer health, quality measurementRead MoreHow Has Public Health Healthcare Improved Public Healthcare Services For Americans Over The Last Two Decades?1122 Words   |  5 Pagesattacks for inside and outside the official public health agency. The main focus on receiving data is currently available in electronic form and most commonly used in the healthcare system. The evolution of the medical industry is rapidly changing due to change in healthcare. Medicare and Medicaid recipients are one of the majorities of being moved to manage care and in this entity there will have to be some improvements made. Over the past two decades, there have been paramount changes but with the growingRead MoreThe Electronic Health Record And The Movement Toward The Digital Age1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe advancement of the electronic health record and the movement toward the digital age compelled policies, procedures, and standardizations to impr ove quality, safety and efficiency of the electronic health record, as well as reduce disparities of patient data of the positive HIV population. The course outcomes that my paper will address are the rules and regulations regarding privacy, confidentiality, and compliance with special attention to the HIPAA Privacy and Security rules on our local,Read MoreClinical Decision Support For Best Practice1096 Words   |  5 Pagesinterview with an Assistant Professor at Duke University Health System in the Department of Medicine, Maestro Care Provider Champion and Clinical Content Architect. This physician works to incorporate clinical decision support tools into the electronic health record at Duke Health System. He manages the best practice advisory committee that may provide a way to deploy alerts to clinicians at the point of care. Alerts with order sets and recommended actions are created and updated to notify providers

Romantic Phrases for Dating in Italian

You’re drinking a glass of vino rosso during aperitivo as you talk to your friends, and then someone catches your eye. There’s an Italian that you can’t keep your eyes off of, and this person notices you, too.   Eventually, you two start chatting and  make plans to meet again another time at the same aperitivo. That date leads to another and another until you find that you’re head over heels for this person. If you’re in the midst of something like that or you want to be prepared just in case it happens, below you’ll find both romantic and practical phrases for dating in Italian. If you finish this list of phrases and still want more, check out this one of 100 Ways to Say I Love You. Phrases for Spending Time Together   Dovremmo uscire solo noi due qualche volta. - We should  go out just us two sometime.Sei libero/a stasera? - Are you free tonight?Perchà © non ci vediamo di nuovo? - Why don’t we meet again? TIP: If you’re talking to a female, you’ll use the -a ending, and if you’re talking to a male, you’ll use the -o ending. Click here to learn more about gender agreement. A che ora? - What time?Ci vediamo allora. - I’ll see you then.Qual à ¨ il tuo numero di telefono? - What’s your phone number?Ti va di prendere un aperitivo? - Do you want to get an aperitivo?Posso invitarti a cena? - Can I invite you to dinner?Ti va di venire a cena con me? - Would you mind having dinner with me?Passo a prenderti alle (9). - I’ll pick you up at 9. If you’re unfamiliar with how to tell the time, click here. TIP: If you’re a male, you’ll use the -o ending, and if you’re a female, you’ll use the -a ending. Ho trascorso una splendida giornata con te. - I spent a wonderful day with you.Grazie per la bella serata!  - Thanks for the great night!Quando posso rivederti? - When can I see you again?Cosa prendi? - What do you want to drink?Offro io. - I’m paying.Mi piaci tantissimo / Mi piaci davvero tanto. - I like you so much.Vuoi diventare la mia ragazza? - Do you want to be my girlfriend?Baciami. - Kiss me.Abbracciami. - Hug me. Phrases to Use When You’re Apart Mi manchi. - I miss you.Ti amo, piccola. - I love you baby.Ti voglio bene, mia adorata. - I love you, my dear. There are two ways to say â€Å"I love you† in Italian. This one is the less serious version. You can learn more about the differences between â€Å"ti amo† and â€Å"ti voglio bene† here. Also, both of the pet names used above are being used for talking to a female. Mi à ¨ bastato uno sguardo per capire che tu fossi la mia metà   della mela. - One look was all it took to know that you were my soulmate. (Literally: It only took one look to understand that you were the half of my apple.)Sei la mia anima gemella. - You’re my soulmate. (Literally: You’re my twin soul.)Vorrei poterti baciare proprio ora. - I wish I could kiss you right now.Sono cosà ¬ contento/a che ci siamo incontrati. - I’m so glad we met.Buongiorno bellissima / principessa. - Good morning beautiful / princess.Non sei come gli altri. - You’re not like others.Sei affascinante. - You’re fascinating / charming.Voglio godermi ogni attimo con te. - I want to savor every moment with you.Sento qualcosa di forte per te. - I have strong feelings for you.Avrei voluto restassi con me. - I would have liked for you to stay with me.Mi hai colpito subito. - You caught my eye right away. / You made an impression on me right away. ​To learn how to form sentences like the ones above with fossi and restassi, click here to learn about the imperfect subjunctive mood.

Diamond Necklace Free Essays

â€Å"Maupassant uses the symbol of the necklace to represent various stations in Victorian society. However, this theme may be lost to readers that are not versed in Victorian culture. In the story, the necklace is more than an object of desire. We will write a custom essay sample on Diamond Necklace or any similar topic only for you Order Now It symbolizes something that is out of reach for the heroine of the story. It is used to explain the pitfalls of what can happen when desire overrides all other elements of one’s life. However, the necklace also has another meaning that is often overlooked. â€Å"One will recall that there are two necklaces in the story. The first one is the more expensive one. It represents the true upper class of society, those that can truly afford to possess such an object. Madame Forestier feels comfortable allowing Madame Loisel to borrow the necklace. She is not afraid to let go of it. This suggests that her life savings are not tied up in it. She does not guard it so carefully that she is unwilling to let it out of her sight. She is comfortable taking a small risk with it. â€Å"However, Madame Forestier is less than amicable when the necklace is returned a week late. This indicates that although, she was not devastated by the loss of the necklace, it still held a considerable value to her. Her reactions indicate that it was still an uncomfortable loss and held some value in her life. To the wealthy, class of Victorian France, their finery was s symbol of not only their wealth, but their power in society as well. This necklace was important to Madame Forestier as a symbol of her station in French society. We do not know how many pieces such as this that she owned, but this may have been an important piece to her. â€Å" How to cite Diamond Necklace, Essay examples

Competitor Analysis of Dahlie free essay sample

The two of the main competitors of Darlie in the market are Sensodyne and Colgate. As the world largest producer and manufacturer of toothpaste, Colgate becomes the greatest competitor of Darlie. Colgate has survived in this industry for such a long time and has established its influence among the customers. It has successfully making the customers to have brand loyalty toward Colgate. Besides that, Colgate has different types of toothpaste, which can satisfy different needs of the customers. This has fulfilled the needs and wants of the customers and directly competes with Darlie as the product range of Colgate and Darlie are quite similar. Nowadays, a lot of people are facing different types of teeth problems, such as sensitive teeth, gum disease and tooth decay. Therefore, they tend to buy the toothpaste which can help them to solve their teeth problems. Sensodyne is focusing on solving sensitive teeth problem and is recommended by dentist to be used. We will write a custom essay sample on Competitor Analysis of Dahlie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It has shaped the brand image of Sensodyne to become professional and high class toothpaste. Therefore, although Darlie also has their own sensitive teeth toothpaste, people still prefer Sensodyne as the look for the brand image. Therefore, Colgate and Sensodyne become two of the main competitors for Darlie in Malaysia toothpaste market. Comparison of Colgate and Its Competitors Darlie Colgate Sensodyne Market share in Malaysia In 2011, Darlie’s market share is 31%. In 2011, Colgate’s market share is 60%. In 2011, Sensodyne’s market share is 5%. Target customer Their target customers are those urban people who are above 18 years old, and pay attention to their oral health. The target customer is mothers with kids who make toothpaste buying decisions for the family and people who care for their oral health. The target customer is the adults from 20 to 60 years old who faced sensitive teeth problem. Promotion Using websites, advertisements and TV commercial to advertise. Having promotions in supermarket. Using website, advertisement, and TV commercial to advertise. Having some promotions by giving free gifts. Colgate School Program: give out free samples to kids and teach kids the way to brush teeth properly. Bright Smile, Bright Future program: promote the importance of oral health through education and prevention. Using websites, various advertisements and TV commercial to attract customers. Promotion through dentist and dental clinic. â€Å"Chill Test† in hypermarket. Price The price range of Colgate is between RM7. 95 to RM10. 60. The most expensive toothpaste is Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief. The cheapest toothpaste is the Colgate Regular tube. The price range of Sensodyne toothpaste is from RM9. Product Having different range and types of toothpaste. For instance, fresh breath, whitening, sensitive teeth and enamel protection. Specializing in the preservation and treatment of oral hygiene. Create an array of 40 different patented toothpastes keeping Colgate competitive. Having 13 different classifications and varieties of Colgate toothpaste. Consists of different types of toothpaste, but mainly focuses on the sensitive teeth issue. Place Almost at all supermarket and mini market. Very convenience to buy it. Almost all super markets and pharmacies carry Colgate Toothpaste. Can sometimes be found in more prominent locations when on sale or launching new products into the market. Distributed indirectly. Available in all hypermarkets, supermarkets and pharmacies, Chinese medical halls and mini markets in Malaysia. Length of time in business Darlie started its business since 1933. It has taken 80 years in the toothpaste industry. Colgate-Palmolive started its business in 1806. It has taken 207 years in the toothpaste industry. GSK produced Sensodyne in 1961. It has taken 52 years in the toothpaste market.

Supreme Court Striking Down Taboos free essay sample

A paper which discusses the rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court on two cases dealing with interracial marriage and gay rights. The paper discusses how the U.S. Supreme Court provided tangible direction in 1967s Loving vs. Virginia and in 1986s Bowers vs. Hardwick. The paper shows that by ruling against states rights, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional to prohibit interracial marriage in Loving but sided with Georgia in Bowers and ruled that the state statute prohibiting sodomy was constitutional striking gay rights a blow from which they only began to recover in 1996. The paper explores how these two cases had an immense impact on the historical progress of the twentieth century the end of the century concerned itself primarily with equality and equal rights for various groups and these two cases were seminal in determining the course of the twenty-first centurys continuation of the quest for equal rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Supreme Court Striking Down Taboos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Interracial marriages and gay rights represent much larger issues as if those issues are not large enough. American history since 1789 is one long debate between states rights and federal powers. Those usually willing to effect change in favor of minority groups have clamored for federal powers to refuse states the right to marginalize certain groups. Those who prefer the conservative whether evangelical Christian or not viewpoint call for the federal government to stay out of states regulations pertaining to hotbed issues like race and sexual orientation.

Assignment Durex Essay Example

Assignment Durex Essay Example Assignment Durex Essay Assignment Durex Essay The county has seen a shift from a conservative society to an increasingly open perspective. Condoms can be easily purchased at most petrol kiosks and convenient stores and are usually placed near the counters. Singapore are also seen as materialistic and brand conscious when it comes to purchasing (Google Books, 2015). More youths are also engaging in sexual relations at a younger age due to such influences like internet, media, and society at large (Enid Grubber, 2010). It is important that Dared constantly pays attention to these changes in society and constantly reposition its brand to avoid being seen as an out-dated brand. This way, it is able to connect to he youths and to avoid being stigmatize but the younger generations. In Singapore, technology is integral in the growth due to the limited resources. Singapore are mobile saws with 88%, either owning an Apple device or an android device that enables them to have access to the internet wherever and whenever they need it (semaphores in Singapore: A Whitepapers Release, 2012). However, technology is also a double-edged sword; while it can provide fast information but it can also be a Source of clutter. This provides a challenge for Dared as it has to compete with other online advertisements to reach out to the market. At the same time, because of technological advancements, this also allows condoms to be an alternative for contraceptive pills. In the recentness, Dared has caught up with the technological and social trend which allows them to reach out to more youths through the use of floggers, Youth and Google by purchasing the condoms online. By doing so, Dared has effectively addressed most of the PESTLE concerns by shifting their marketing efforts in that direction (Lovingly, 2014). Singapore has a tropical climate with humid temperatures, however, this does not affect Dared much as all of the products are not affected by seasonal or climate change. Singapore is a moderately green country and with their increasing efforts to categorize wastes accordingly, there is still a low adoption rate of these practices among households. As such, condoms are often used during personal time or at homes and are usually not disposed in a green manner. Dared condoms are made of Latex, Polystyrene and Polyurethane, which are not biodegradable materials (The Condom Depot Learning Center, 2014). This means that they must either be burnt or disposed in a landfill. There are no landfill taxes to be paid in Singapore, however, expired/unsold condoms are turned to Dared to ensure that they are not irresponsibly sold or disposed. This also means that Dared has to take on the costs of disposing off unwanted condoms and affects their profit of margin. There are no legal restrictions on the sale and use of condoms in Singapore, however, the legal age to have sex is at the age of 16 years old and 1 8 years old for commercial sex (Congregationalisms. Com, 2011). Therefore it is also a regulation that the condoms are to be accompanied by a user manual. This user manual often comprises of a pictorial diagram So as to cater to all. This ads additional production cost to the product. There are not much legal implications for Dared Singapore to enforce the legal age to have sex but however, they spend more resources on promoting safe sex as part of their social responsibility. 3. Porters Five Forces Analysis 3. 1 . Threat of New Entrants (Low) Due to the costs and access to the distributive channels for the industry, the threat of having new entrants in this trade is seemingly low. Action for Aids (FAA) by World Health Organization (WHO) have been promoting prevention of HIVE and Studs constantly but with little demand for condoms, companies eke Dared have put in all their investments in this particular industry. Dared does not only produce condoms but they have also constantly produced new products to compete with the other condom brands in the market, with the products at a lower and affordable cost. 3. 2. Threat of Substitutes (Moderate) Besides the myriad of condom brands available in Singapore, there are also many alternative contraceptive measures that are popular among Singapore. Condoms are socially viewed to be the less pleasurable method, and are also attached with the stigma of embarrassment when making the purchase (Thinkers. Erg, 2014). Because of this, many youths tend to shun away from using condoms. Less informed youths may use withdrawal as a mean of contraception, although strictly speaking it is counted as unprotected sex. More informed youths may choose natural contraception, abstinence from penetrative sex or even oral contraceptives. There also are surgical contraceptive methods available that are limited due to the permanent effects. However, this suits a particular older market; those who have made decisions or also due to health reasons. The threat of substitutes is moderate due to the propensity for the market to eek out other alternative contraceptive methods. As sex and contraception are intimate and personal decisions, it is often hard to alter the mind-set of the market. Recently, Dared has made several efforts to introduce Fatherlier, thin and skin like condoms to change this (Dared. Com. My, 2015). 3. 3. Bargaining power Of Suppliers (Low) Most of todays condoms are made of latex and other synthetic materials. The primary ingredient for these is rubber. The 5 main suppliers of this commodity are Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Vietnam; all of which are very close to Singapore, reducing the supply chain cost. As these sources re also located within SEAN region, it is not difficult to switch supplier from within the country, or even to source for materials in neighboring countries (Steve B. Scoot, 2015). Hence, the bargaining power of supplier is low. Furthermore, there are recent developments to use synthetic rubber (Polypropylene) as an improvement to latex condoms provides and alternative supply source for Dared. Since it is a synthetic rubber, Polypropylene is easily produced and available throughout the world. The low cost in the supplied materials are vital for Dared to be able to keep the condoms at a low price point to remain competitive. While the selling point of the product does not always directly relate to the quality of the material used, Dared spends a lot on to constantly develop and improve their products on materials. 3. 4. Bargaining Power of Customers (High) In the Singapore market, condoms are easily available at all convenience stores and are often placed near impulse purchase shelf areas. This is because the nature of the product is fast moving and disposable. To further add on, there are way too many other competitor brands with a variety of other different product offerings. A lot of youths also chose to have unprotected sex, due to the many social related issues despite the low cost of condoms in Singapore (Heartfelt. Asinine. Com, 2015). This makes the bargaining power of Dared customers high. Although Dared is a well-positioned brand and more recognized, there is little brand loyalty among customers due to the discussed points. Competitor brands are similarly priced coupled with the affluence of Singapore make the cost of switching to a competitor brand very easy. Any significant changes in the price of Dared condoms can cause a loss of customers unless the price change can be justified by the product offering. 3. 5. Competitive Rivalry (High) Competitive rivalry in the industry is relatively high. This is because of the nature of the product that is low involvement and customers have little loyalty. It is hard to differentiate the products from other brands and it, coupled with the difficulty of marketing to the masses. This high competitiveness has driven the various companies to constantly innovate to differentiate. From condoms of different flavor, texture, and thickness are all efforts by brands to grab the attention of the fickle consumer. Dared has responded to this rivalry by creating bundle packs of pleasure gels and sex sys along with condoms to be branded as an advocate of enjoyable and safe sex. Dared is able to differentiate themselves from other competitors by addressing the perspective that condoms are a pleasure-kill. Ultimately, regardless of all the marketing and bundles that Dared can offer, the core product offering of a condom is fundamentally the safety and assurance that it provides to consumers. The measure of safety and reliability is often intangible and difficult to market out. Hence, Dared strategies to compete against rivals involve providing scientific data to instill assurance and life in Duresss technology. Dared is a company with relative branding in Singapore with quite a range Of products they have displayed on the shelves. Not only their products are of good quality, they are also constantly coming up with new flavors and innovations. However, compared to the prices of their competitors, Dared products are still relatively higher. Therefore, the four strategic recommendations are Cost Leadership, Differentiation Strategy, Diversification Type and Diversification Process. 4. 1 . Concentration Strategy Based on the brand equity that Dared has already built up, it would be advantageous for the company to continue investing and further strengthening their foothold in the industry. With the application of Nations Matrix, there are many directions that Dared can pursue in the industry. Remaining in the industry allows Dared to focus more resources onto developing better products so as to gain leverage over the competitive market in Singapore, as shown in the Porters 5 forces analysis. 4. 2. Concentric Diversification As the social and technological trends develop, it is difficult for a company like Dared to predict and react. Hence, a strategic move is for Dared to acquire ND develop into other forms of contraception industries (both commercial and medical) so as to remain a key player in the industry. Regardless of what forces exert pressure, Dared will be able to have a certain degree of influence over the market and its environment. In order to further influence those with no brand loyalty, innovation can often help to tip customers in choosing Dared. As with the case of Samsung, by introducing many innovative products to the market and reacting to the consumer preferences can actually help to differentiate how different the brand is from the others. For example, Dared came up with an ultra-thin Indo ranged Fatherlier is a good strategy to attract customers. Dared also has a superior research team which further adds on to the branding (Dared. Com. So, 1 915). Although the price range of Dared may seem affordable, however customers think of Dared much more as a premium brand compared to other competitors like Spire and Oakmont. Hence, implementing low costs to beat the competition is ideal for the saturated market in Singapore and at the same time, this also allows Dared to gain more brand loyalty customers. For example, current pricing at $7 may not be attractive to win impulse buyers or hose who have no brand preferences. Hence, if the price range of Dared is justified this may in time gain brand loyalty customers. In the recent years, Dared has managed to find much marketing success online. Much of this is because of the Singapore culture and environment that Dared is able to benefit from. However, the strict advertising policies still pose a problem for the industry as it is difficult to market and stand out. Furthermore, as a low cost product, little emotional attachment and buyer involvement, Dared has done more to innovate and differentiate themselves from competitors.