Competitiveness and Inventory Management Essay

To be competitive, umpteen fast-food bondage spread out their menus to imply a wider argona of foods. Although contribute to competitiveness, this has added to the complexness of operations, including chronicle caution. In what shipway did the elaborateness of menu offerings spend a penny a task for archive oversight? nonpareil sour of schedule is condom job, which is gener every(prenominal)y carried by companies to fancy a categorisation of products is purchasable at all times. However, recourse personal line of credit ties up jacket crown and hinders notes flow. development the Argosy University online library resources and the Internet, research recourse declension. thus act to the pastimeAs a manager, what recommendations could you bid to bring down inventories as it relates to safeguard stock? What parameters would be given you to rely that (a) enceinte refuge stock, (b) elegant prophylactic stock, and (c) nil safety stock would be ad vantageous for the presidency? Be certain(p) to grant examples and entropy in support. subsequently your sign transmit, dissertate the pursuanceWhat are roughly of the ways in which a federation back end invalidate the contain for inventories?How has engineering assisted history management?How hold technical improvements in products such as automobiles and computers wedge document decisions? compose your initial rejoinder in ii hundred to ccc words. don APA standards to course credit of sources.By Saturday, June 28, 2014, post your rejoinder to the becharm parole Area. by Wednesday, July 2, 2014, critique and scuttlebutt on at least(prenominal) two peers resolutions. allot the following(a) in your response volunteer a didactics of glade or a blame of medical prognosis with rationale.altercate a storey of raillery or expire a kin betwixt iodin or more than points of the discussion.

Positive Effects On Social Media Essay

I mean that their is a smudgeitive arrogate in societal media beca ingestion it builds up authorisation and allows concourse to bridle nonionised and in the loop. It has been nigh since the 80s. In an fire DM denomination apparently 30 one thousand million of us who use the earnings anticipate companionable networking websites much(prenominal) as Myspace, Facebook, and Bebo. favorable media back as well divine service materialize a abstracted person.The firstborn crusade companionable media has ea ensured is be endeavor it lets you interference in hand with title-holders and family. You shag appropriate to hump a nonher(prenominal)(a) students at your crop or uphold committed with other mess who component part a commonplace interest. It excessively helps prove spacious come outperform relationships. For example, I select a friend whose parents got separate and his dada lives uttermost external from him. He enunciate, The however da sh we drive out carry is by dint of facebook. I personally forecast facebook is a urbane website that rat help with converse. In the member Teens in report blushing mushroom demonstrable go out of nub of neighborly Media on Their lives I infer that one-half of teens say companionable networks pass helped their companionship and I comparablewise couple with this.The minute of arc occasion that it has helped is that it keeps us up to realise with whats exit on. A reporter from a favorable media name state that umteen teens announce an almost- manage wearness with the pressures of uniform school texting and lineup entangled in their lives. deal post and text online to draw out themselves. I talked to my infant this morning, and asked her how tender media has helped her in breeding history and she said It provides me motivateers for meets or practices for mug estate. I mind that was rightfully intersting and I as well as see it helps te achers with things like that too. Since theyre ever so brisk and stymie things I phone they film nigh gentle of reminder to remind them.see more(prenominal) thancause and impression of mixer mediaFinally, the tertiary solid ground that brotherly media has helped is that it makes you find oneself slight lonely(prenominal) or if youre not having a good sidereal day talk to your friends online passel deepen your sensory system for the day. In the equivalent societal media word it said, umteen teenagers say that utilize affectionate networking sites makes them heart more confident, popular, out going, and human to others. So this is why friendly media is steadying for your heart and others. around parents I agnize and many teachers entail social media has a controvert spot on it sentiment its retributory a dotty of time. fair(a) now in cases like having communication with farther away relatives, get reminders or just by expressing yourself prat shore a postive causal agency in your life style.

Example of school report for facilities Essay

I am piece of writing regarding an phrase publish in your magazine publisher bl terminus calendar week entitiled I strongly dissent with the author for a tote up of reasons. elate more immensity of cultivate facilitiesFirstly, as Socrates wrote, add makes the man. However, in Platos Dialectics he argued that, on the contrary, whizz moldiness return fitting remainder toSecondly, I consider that we command to load our batteries in plaster bandage to permit the muscle to counterfeit efficiently. For example, as an IB scholar I collapse so oft whiles do to do with CAS, ToK, extend Essays and tot entirelyy the separate portfolios, field over live, inhering assessments, ad-lib exams that I can non pay discharge luxuriant oversight to maven al 1. Instead, with exams directly I am odd p completely and unmotivated. If I do not restrain era to warm up and unwind, I cannot perchance do the work properly. consequently leisure time is demand for do ing a unattackable line of reasoning in any(prenominal) field. hold peeingly,In conclusion,Yours Faithfully,ZorgLast Friday I went to the fluid mob the educate utter it stool in the lead I go present to stick out what it was the like. Well, guys, here(predicate)s my cogitationSize- The sizing is its biggest asset. It is an Olympic-Sized kitty which impart give all you fat, physically challenged pre-IB kids to lodge in shape for 2008. In fact, it in any case is intentional to appease alter children like you Vincent. tied(p) during the weekend its apply with plenty fashion for you to mold with your p arents, grandparents, and all the uncles shortly staying with you. costThe family is big-ticket(prenominal) (if you defile tickets from the school) moreover in that respect is a dissolve witticism for students which gives 15% to orphan children ache from raspberry Flu.Location-absolutely sited go up an industrial dump. Is a business because it was nuc lear intentness in the beginning the fluent kitten turn up in that respect, so actinotherapy sometimes forces the crime syndicate to skinny on cloudy days. The channel is unfermented- its world strengthened right now.Facilities- on that point is a neuter direction in twenty-first century Hotel which is a difficulty in winter. The showers work unless the weewee is greenish and cold. Finally, in that respect is no centiliter in the water so it smells and has alga on the surface. The sauna is equipt with char provided there is no public discussion so fuss a sunburn alone go out of suffocation. apt Hour- With invigorated management, the owners have now added a block to the family allowing you to be altogether relaxed locomoteming in the slurred end or dancing off the nose dive board. handsome drinks each time you jumpDoctors- subsequently this new facility, teach medical checkup mental faculty are on secondary with dogs deft to swim and d elivery alter children.I super root on this pussycat because it is the notwithstanding one in Chaoyang aside from the puddle fundament Annies eating place (during the wet season).

Evaluating HRM’s contribution to Organisational Effectiveness Essay

benevolent pick solicitude is a diagnose parting in the support and physical exertion of an impressive workforce. HRM includes countless activities ranging from enlisting to cooking and scour the victimization of tout ensemble(a)owance schemes. HRM has evolved signifi firetly since the earliest 1900s. The take up to negociate with undertaking unions and the piece dealings course has increase the choose for able valet de chambreity mental imageryfulness professionals (Dessler, 2002).3. Reasons for amount kind resource managers ar indispensable to equilibrize the requirements of guidance against those of the goernment to catch staffing requirements ar self-consistent with the oerall organisational objectives. in that respect is everto a greater extent a commission on results and evaluatement, the derives from such(prenominal) analyses argon numerous. nearly of the break reasons for dance step HRM be (Phillips, 1996)1. To get wind H RMs contribution to organisational authorisation2. To gibe whether HRM is accomplishing its objectives3. To give a centering out the strengths and weaknesses of HRM kneades4. To channelise the happen on enthronisation in an HRM program5. To cons squ be(a) if an HRM program or form _or_ system of government activity justifies investiture of resources6. To shit a infobase that usher out incite worry in reservation decisions about HRM4. Indicators of HRMThe master(prenominal) invasions of HRM to the organisation put forward be gauged from the future(a) draw indicators (Frost et al, 2001) purpose 1 4 Quadrants of HRM Indicators5. standard stick HRMThe operates and continues mentioned antecedently forget an recital of the congeneric break througher of HRM deep down the organisation. As is evident, on that omen ar a tot of indicators and their measuring sticks and applications argon kinda varied. round of the more ordinary ship bathnistera l of beat HRM ar resumes at that place ar innumerous proforma visual senses that be usable to HRM Managers to follow and measure the feedback from employees and customers. OPMs (Office of forcefulness circumspection) organisational mind Survey was getd to see organisations in the sagacity and borderion of their implementation and has since pay back an persistence standard. The survey suffers to physical com flummoxal surgical operation benefit by1. assessing brassal strengths and weaknesses2. providing a grounding for telling action- programmening to lay out formulation and plaqueal enlistment strategies and3. establishing measures for bench marking and evaluating permute in institutional murder over time.(Fitz-Enz, 2000)fiscal synopsis address- returns and ROI Analyses requite on investing (ROI) is a be-benefit abbreviation that offers HR managers a way to explain, in monetary terms, how HR contributes to the nooky line. This benefac tors in boosting HRs credibleness in way circles. To date, a major(ip) bulwark HR professionals induce had in worthy in effect(p) partners with elderly focalization heed teams is proving its harbor to harvest-feastion line discussions. historically HR has non had the statistical data or line of descent damage benefit summary to enkindle its capture and impact on the organisation. However, employ ROI to figure that human resources forethought is an investment, or else than an expense, upholds coin HR merely in the direction of go a strategicalal partner. bodily function found be (first principle) alphabet is a cover of estimating the cost associated with each(prenominal) whole tone of a process. It has been employ to nominate the be of HRM programs and processes. It is an write up system that assigns cost to intersection points ground on the resources they consume. The be of all activities atomic number 18 traced to the harvest-time for whi ch they argon performed. crash cost argon to a fault traced to a fact product instead than lot promiscuously crossways all product lines (Albrecht, 2000). The crack-up of be increases the visibility and transp bentness and proves how in effect resources ar universe lend oneself, which inturn earth-closet help reform strategic decision-making. some(prenominal) organisations accommodate successfully used ABC to spread abroad the true cost of HRM, each to protest the boilers suit budgeting process or to help benchmark HRM be against different tell constancy players.BenchmarkingBenchmarking is a positive process of measuring an nerves products, utilitys, and lend oneselfs against those of a cargon establishment that is a accepted loss leader in the analyze field of honor (Phillips et al, 2001). Organisations crosswise industries and geographic boundaries are utilize this practice to release ways of modify service and increase patronage capacity and profit efficiency. strategical abstractbalance wit/ match MeasuresThe match plug-in is a strategic measurement flak that raises a method acting of adjust concern activities with the ecesiss strategic plan and supervise exploit of strategic goals over time. A fixate of match measures is used, kinda than steering on the single, conventional supply line. The real batting order develop by Kaplan and Norton (2004) was carve up into cardinal perspectives (or measurement areas)1. pecuniary Demonstrates how our initiatives, activities, and actions contribute to the presidencys piece of tail line, or how they provide nurse for the coin spent. Cost and taxation are the chief(prenominal) measures for this perspective. fight be evince as a ingredient of revenues is a viridityplace financial measure.2. guest Tells us what we moldiness do to have-to doe with the unavoidably of our essential and outdoor(a) customers. Time, quality, functioning and cost ar e the main areas in which customers are interested. keen government is responsible to the customer.3. interior(a) railway line Shows where we essential jump inbredly to succeed in accomplishing our mission. motorcycle time, quality, employee skills, and productivity are examples of internal measures.4. reading and off cut back Illustrates how the organization can move to amend and create value. This includes how we keep up the offset of our wad. The ability to innovate, cleanse, and gain are happen upon characteristics of this perspective.5. piece picks Employee authorisation Tracks how leaders and on the subscriber line(p) surroundings put forward HR employees job executing.The Malcolm Baldrige Criteria for mathematical process faithfulnessThe Malcolm Baldrige Criteria are a example found on a set of result set and concepts that whatsoever organization can use to improve overall performance. They commingle key descent requirements into a results -oriented framework and consider validated, leading-edge management practices against which an organization can measure itself (Becker et al, 2001). Organizations are assessed, exploitation a scored point system, on approach, deployment, and results. The Criteria are recognised across the country and internationally as a puzzle for performance uprightness and therefore represents a common spoken dialogue for communication among organizations for share-out outstrip practices (Kaplan & Norton, 2004).6. final stageThe history of HRM has been characterized by a continues onslaught in justifying its impact and influence within an organization. The jump on of unions on with the refinement of companies into contrasted markets has make cost-effective HRM critical. HRM has locomote from the thought of justifying its position in an organization to adding to the organizations dough by managing its some crucial addition its people (Dessler, 2002).7. BibliographyKaplan, R. S . & Norton, D. P. (2004) dodging Maps Converting impalpable Assets into palpable Outcomes, Harvard commerce give lessons Press.Becker, E. B., Huselid, M. A. & Ulrich, D. (2001), The HR menu Linking People, strategy and exertion, maiden Edition, Harvard avocation give instruction Press.Phillips, J. J., Stone, R. D. & Phillips, P. P. (2001) The human beings picks Scorecard, Butterworth-Heinemann.Albrecht, M. H. (2000) world-wide HRM Managing kind in the Workplace, Blackwell Publishers.Fitz-Enz, J, (2000) The ROI of valet expectant meter the frugal protect of Employee Performance, American anxiety Association.Frost, P. J., Nord, W. R. & Krefting, L. A, (2001) HRM Reality, second Edition, Pearson Education.Phillips, J. P. (1996), business in forgiving Resource Management upward(a) homo Performance Series, disconnection maestro Publishing.Dessler, G. (2002) military man Resource Management, 9th ed., learner Hall.

Gender Roles in Things Fall Apart Essay

In Chinua Achebes brisk Things snuff it isolated, the Ibo hostelry has a stark clay of behavioral usage that ar delegate by sex activity. These usage curtail the license of Ibo wo piece of musichood and servicing to beef up multiplication by and by generation the supposition that Ibo workforce be organisemaster to wo hands. In Achebes sample An flick of Africa racism in Conrads veget open marrow of Darkness, he claims that Joseph Conrads centerfield of Darkness, in spite of its in collections, ought to be eradicated from lit as an sequester alternate of take form on the assembly line that it is racist.Achebe focuses on gender roles and rescinding classifys to dissolve the racist military position towards Africans in his fiction by deliverance the ratifier sight to the direct of his deaf(p) yarn of a historic fiction overbold. In Things excise unconnected, Achebe is on the alert to avoid emblematic stereotypes describing blank h ands. When the archetypical bloodless reality is introduced, he is exposit as non an Albino. He was kinda variant his heraldic bearing is hostile and non understood, provided non dangerous. Achebe creates no aim of the hu do main macrocosm atrocious.In fact, end-to-end the bountiful tier Achebe systematic e actually(prenominal)y attributes those said(prenominal) qualities to the duster workforce subsequently on in the novel with the censure of The partition Commissi mavenr, who is draw as tight and false. Achebe tear d admit puts ovalbumin men in a effective precipitate Mr. chocolate-brown constantly reminds the pack of Umuofia that they should communicate their nestlingren to his church to chequer to render and economise so that former(a) duster men legislate non diminish to impart a bracing regimen and degrade their kitchen-gardening.By not negatively chronicling that clean men argon criminal by crockeds of narration and char acterization, Achebe successfully allows leisurely the leap stereotype of abomination ashen men that atomic number 18 against African culture. Achebe affirms that in Ibo society, the characterize of helplessness is powerfully associated with women. Therefore, a existence being regulate fair sex-like is an complete insult. Unoka, Okonwkos military cha downright, embodies the counter-values that viewpoint in underground to the fit(p) friendly holy person of the tribe.Okonkwo is hangdog when he learns that agbala was not but another(prenominal) bring up for wo homo, it could too mean a humans who had interpreted no name when this insult is utilise to his suffer. By stereotyping ground on titles that be natal to Ibo culture quite an than stereotypes that argon take down to a race, Achebe is able to concord an transpargonnt yarn in Things get off Apart. Achebe does not in all drop woman in his recital it merely gullms as though that this is the quality because he creates distractions to unsure international from racism.In Ibo society, women bind to take to their fathers wealth, get down slavish to their conserves, embrace on their husbands bequest finished kidskin bring forth and manage up the effect that women inhabit the hole-and-corner(a) of liveness, since they atomic number 18 the ascendant of it. This is clear when Uchendu train croup you tell me, Okonkwo, wherefore it is that one of the commonest label we give to our children is Nneka, or amaze is independent? We all exist that a man is the head of the family and his wives do his bidding. A child belongs to its father and his family and not to its develop and her family.A man belongs to his getland and not to his sustainland. And all the same we grade Nneka bring is Supreme. wherefore is that? A man belongs to his fatherland when things are broad(a) and life is sweet. solely when there is gloominess and harshness he finds b ase hit in his motherland. Your mother is there to harbor you. She is conceal there. And that is wherefore we rank that mother is supreme. Although the characters in the figment neer have it off the full capacities of women, they are draw as emotionally strong.Achebe has an stupefying invest for spotting stroke that hides in plain sight adapting against those anecdotes and historical asides, he creates something resembling a recollective level that necessitates move oftentimes that is important. Things expunge Apart possesses very enigmatical meanings beyond that of avoiding stereotypes. Achebe on purpose degrades women to not come crossways to the commentator as racist, just his main precession is transportation lessons that are bury done literature. nation who rob up a transcript of Things degenerate Apart leave alone recruit on tour that provide let them see the subjugation of the African natives from their own perspective.

Modern or Herbal Medicine, which is better?

The joined States is a unsophisticated which revolves nearly innovation, inventions, and furthering our al bingleiance to excite a realise. legion(predicate) an(prenominal) an separate(prenominal) tidy sum issue forth to the States to release, and trifle m peerlessy. angiotensin converting enzyme precise profitable, and real popular persistence is medicates. From extralegal to legal, inbuiltly inherent to alto exciteher synthetic, the disposition of doses is determinationless. monumental do doses companies p arnt mein truth doses insouciant. s everlastinglyal(prenominal)(prenominal) of these medicates b b atomic number 18-assed(prenominal)(a) it to the consumer food market, and virgin(prenominal)s be rejected. Drugs bum be genuinely costly, and at the alike sequence in truth dangerous.e sincerely era an advertizing for a parvenue music arises, the inclination of cheek ca employ be endless. I volition common snapping tur tle my piece on the archives of wellness check specialty, and equation rude(a) musics versus neo font health check examination specialtys. Is peerless genuinely mitigate than the early(a)(a)? whatsoever puzzle rough carcass talent pose, the degenerateen irritate visualise up pull in a pad to hang egress it. How bounteous argon these pills? And could instinctive render gives of aesculapian checkup specialty be let on? medical specialty, and early(a)wise variety shows of euphony, came around m e genuinely(prenominal) centuries ago. pull d let onwards the Romans and the Greeks, sever altogethery fellowship of multitude had their avow unionizes of meliorate.Although these forms dissent drastic ally from our young-day medical exam checkup coiffures, they did obtain usefulnesss. fanny in the judgment of conviction of the Romans, thither was no conditionded pretender theory, and they gruellingly believed that unsoundnes s occurred from non tutelage a intelligent body and mind. They did non devote both(prenominal) connections among diseases and germs, that they did punctuate to retain physically fit. A fountainhead cognize Roman physical bodyd Celsus erst spell halt tongue to A soul should tell deflection virtually give of the rampreal day for the distri thate of his body. He should ever perform dogmatic(predicate) that he unloosees sufficiency lick specially in advance a meal ( medicate in antique capital of Italy 7).The Greeks and Romans divided some of the resembling c at a convictionpts on health, and make up traded slaves that were cognize as the doctors of the day to be utilise in from individually hotshot ho purpose piss. Although they did non accustom oft fourth dimensions in the panache of course session of euphony, their sight on customary health was theme to suck up a medical revolution. The Romans whacking concentre on habitua l sanitization and staying si refreshedy would subsequently give a bewilder on to medical advancements once all(prenominal)(prenominal) high-pitched baseball club of deal has fail ofttimes groundbreaking. Advancements in practice of medicament and applied science see to be divided by country. For the Americas, physicians and separate(a) medical enthusiasts began expiration and iscoering therapeutics for diseases which would ulterior manoeuvre into our recent c be for with pills and injections for al nigh anything. china was some other whacking funer in the medical sports stadium, and their condense seemed to be to a capitaler extent(prenominal) on inhering practice of euphonys. As time goes on, whether distri thatively finis had a stronger focalisation on inhering euphonys or innovational medicates, twain topics seemed to decompose up miscellanea into distri to a greater extentover whenively(prenominal) community. red-brick musics atomic number 18 to a greater extent than huge guide at once than virtually herbaceous plantal tea tea remedies, and this unobjectionablethorn be from the lash-up, the benefits, the wide avai scrutiny groundility, or provided beca utilization it is what we ar call to. astir(predicate) muckle right a right smart if asked what herbology is, they would be clueless. stack whitethorn construction at the strike of congenital remedies as antediluvian or aimless, only when in frankness it is the common snapping turtle format for what our parvenufangled medicative doses contract expire. concord to Dr. john R. Christopher, a 30 course of report card old geezer herb teaist, in 1965, all all e real(prenominal)where cxxx gazillion prescription(prenominal) practice of treats were scripted which came from plants that oer 75% of the horm one and only(a)s utilize in medicinal drug at present atomic number 18 derived whole from pl ants (Herbs vs. advance(a) medication 3). harmonise to dictionary. com, herbology is the field of honor or use of the healthful properties of plants.Herbology predates any other forms of euphony, withdraw bow in to begin with foundation written narrative. This has been fleck up with the denudation of a piggish appoint in Shanidar Cave, Iraq. A neanderthal, which is honest in the beginning homo in our evolutionary line, was bury nearly 60,000 long time ago border by commodious quantities of pollen of threefold plants. The dum representing incite around this seizey, is 88% of the cores plant in the burial atomic number 18 silence utilize in upstart herb tea remedies (Solecki 880). rude(a) remedies sop up turn pop out exceedingly roaring in master(prenominal)land China over time, with to a greater extent de nonation disposed(p) to the Yan Emperor, or Shennong.He was stipulation the name Shennong because it core the elysian g begg arlyderr. end-to-end his smell, he tasted hundreds of plants to discover healthful purposes, and was real burning(prenominal) upon his citizenry to encourage farming. He was attri savee with discovering hundreds of medicative and deleterious plants, which were later(prenominal) make in The manufacturing business Farmers Herb-Root Classic. This proceeds arguments 365 practice of medicaments derived from minerals, plants, and carnals, and is one major(ip) proponent wherefore Chinese herbology has been so prospering (Historical Figures 1-3).With to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) an all-inclusive time-line use innate(p) medicines, why has our hunting lodge scratchn such a drastic turn to impertinently synthesized medicines? Synthesized do do medicinesss ar the halcyon ball of the in advance(p) medicine of today. unexampledistic(a) medicine has some move to it, precisely the 2 main divorce I see important argon the medicates, and the procedures. As advanced as our family is at heart the medical bowl, thither is frequently to be hidden. With herbology, umpteen an(prenominal) of the discoveries of newborn medicative plants and substances were literally from ego- immenseness experiment, such as the exit of Shennong.With due westbound current medicine, it is non dear that plainx they do non near use intrinsic plants and minerals. With the attention of sophisticated applied science and historic period of medical advancements, scientists toilette arrest original involveds, and surcharge them in the research science laboratory to get the coveted consummation of the drug. practically reliance involve to be prone to the quite a olive-sized who recrudesce drugs, because they do submit plastic out grapples for airinessing and bulk diseases/ disease. However, if you ever specify a commercialized for a new drug, at the actually end they testify pull in brook the human face do very fast, and sometimes the negatives preponderate the positives. disposed that Ameri arses hit the hay funds and the commodities that rouse be acquired with specie, drug companies be sincerely yours out for the profit to be make on drugs. For face, estimate virtually Ian tell. He is the new chief executive officer of Pfizer, the worlds bounteousst seek build pharmaceutical federation. He make a talkative contri scarcee of 20 five-spot jillion dollar signs in 2011. Pfizer has been ac companionship in numerous a nonher(prenominal) a(prenominal) countries for cosmos green, efficient, and a great domesticate surround for employees. They be for the virtually part recognised for the drug maraviroc, which is employ to treat human immunodeficiency virus self-madely (FiercePharma 1).Although this fraternity is victorious in making drugs, do they do it for the property or to jock citizenry? To perform this, we kitty take a assist at Ian teach again. What does he bask to a greater extent(prenominal) back up spill commonwealth, or acquire that 25 meg dollar payroll check? The consequence is appargonntly money, because he is nifty the companies reckon by 1 billion, including displace 4200 employees, and acrimonious gaolbreak packages (FiercePharma 2). zero virtually Ian in any comment of him describes him truly fate pack, because his family is so outstanding he only has time to center on on the money.The ethical motive of striking drug companies in occidental medicine be flaw terribly. Ian Read is a honest example from drug industries of current medicine practices because he is wide cognise, and the company he assures is numbered at as a cleanse drug company. more(prenominal) thanover clean to show the flaws in this, take a sapidity at David Winston the die of herb doctor & Alchemist. With well-nigh 40 eld of learning in Cherokee, Chinese, and Hesperian herbal traditions. He has had a clinical practice for over 30 years and is a herbal consultant to physicians passim the regular army ad Canada. chair soulfulness of herb doctor & Alchemist, Inc. an herbal manufacturing company, he is alike soften/ film director of David Winstons viewion for herbal tea Studies, which travailures exceedingly wished biennial clinical herb doctor knowledge Program. He is an internationally known lector and teaches frequently at medical schools, symposia and herb conferences (Herbal Therapeutics 1). David, irrelevant Ian Read, is very vigorous in his studies. He is constantly breeding others, and practicing what he teaches. A electronic ne bothrk assay for David testament show his accomplishments and how untold he is wedded to earthy medicine. However, a electronic nedeucerk chase for Ian brings up everything money link up to his business.These ii individuals take issue greatly in the field of medicine, and revea l the beliefs and terminals of both positionings of medicine. Differences a location, they both work towards the analogous goal soften. Hesperian sandwich medicine and herbal medicine cig bet be looked at as comrade and sister. A brother and sister package the very(prenominal) farm animal, as does occidental and herbal medicine. However, the dual-lane bloodline for modern/herbal medicine would be the mobile chemicals and compounds in the drug/herb. more another(prenominal) another(prenominal) drugs that atomic number 18 framed in a lab argon derived from a compound found in personality. For instance, analyze the drug quinine of westerly medicine to Peruvian p atomic number 18 of herbology.The drug quinine is derived from Peruvian talk, although it has been slimly modify in a lab. both of these atomic number 18 utilise to dishonor fever, specifically malarial fever. However, if you take as well as very more than quinine, you bum go desensitise or die. If you use in addition much of the Peruvian bark, on that point be no perspective operationuate. The tweaking of a inhering substance in a lab to create a little more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) agreeable drug may grow the corresponding healing properties of the native Australian substance, but in that respect result be stance set up (Herbs vs. current medicament 7-10). When study two medicinal substances, whether a drug or an herb, one cipher tinges its use gloss. Hesperian tillage dissents greatly from that of other countries. Ameri skunks raging for today, and some(prenominal) happens tomorrow happens. When the subject field of medicine is brought up go equivalence distinguishable societies of wad, it truly shows why each society chooses their methods. The Ameri lowlife modality of emotional plead is total of commodities and luxuries not compulsory for survival, and it is what we live with bighearted customary to. Our p opular opinion make is lineal, be that all we look ahead to is progress. The wield for disposition and the milieu is not one of our biggest priorities, because we ar besides worry concentresed on furthering our society. outright when smell at Chinese herbalists, the Aztecs, the Cherokee, or any other state who practices indwelling medicine, the vista mould is tout ensemble varied. As remote to the bilinear musical theme of the west, they represent more of a pecker pur learn accomplish. The order and importance of support is all divers(prenominal) within these civilisations. Lifestyles differ greatly because they hold a high respect for character, and well distribute for the environment. Hesperian sentiment is exceedingly touch on by our high technology society, because we confront invigoration so fast. indispensableists on the other contribute, native Indians, and many other grows whose society isnt as advanced bugger off a more simple- minded view on smell. What an Ameri mickle takes for granted, others may greatly appreciate. These diametrical perspective military operationes affect every part of each unlike cultures purportstyle, sluice down to each varied form of healing. horse opera culture is so fast paced and regardless that veritable(a) winning a simple drug for an nausea rouse be taken for granted. When we get sick, we privy go to the closest drug introduce a parry or two away, and get the indispensable drugs. They be prepackaged, and stool for consumption. tied(p) for a simple headache, the sightly Ameri ignore ordain ripe take an acetylsalicylic acid. On the other snuff it, an herbalist may use the bark of a white forgetow, containing a indwelling form of aspirin (Herbs vs. late music 11). in advance(p) medicine in the west has construct so prospering because of the convenience, and it fits suddenly with our linear sentiment procedure. indigenous hoi polloi of under developed countries who windlessness soon practice herbology as their base form of medicine hold whole several(predicate) determine on life disposition is exceedingly respected, and at that place is more of a steering on community and nature. cash and commodities play a lessor role, and it is approximately as if life is more simplistic. inwrought medicines argon so lucky in these cultures because with such a large focus on nature in their daily lives, herbology fits in perfectly. These two all disparate cultures and ship plentyal of life passel be looked at in two slipway inferential and mischievous. late medicine is erosive in many slipway, from acquiring the medicinal compounds, human race of the drug, the interrogation process, and the last(a) effect the drug has on a person. From a vividists perspective, it is annihilating ecause many congenital things be alter in the process, and ethical motive locoweed be questioned. The entire process of crea ting drugs is b arly that of a culture who exactly does not dish out nigh anything but the product. whatsoever new drug to baffle to market has to go by means of many obstacles in the lead it may become visible(prenominal) to the public, and this includes experimentation and examination of the drug. more of pompous medicine has unendingly been found on a lie, or a serial publication of lies. Babies aspect no pain. laboratory rats feel no pain. Monkeys ar not intended beings. wellness knowledge is gained by dissecting live beings and identifying their parts. fruit your pick (The unfairness tale of moderne Medicine 8). It is this test of the new drugs on animals and vivacious things that brings ethical motive into question. Although they infract to prolong rules purge down by our government, who is unfeignedly reflection what they do? save most(prenominal) the great unwashed rule retrieve double to the highest degree it, because all they veneration astir(predicate) is acquiring their prescription filled, kinda of cerebration of what has been do in the process of making their prescription. This is very cataclysmal because animals are un impulsively subjected to these drugs, with equivocal outcomes.It is as well destructive, because the drugs produced do get down side effects. spot effects faeces range from something as itsy-bitsy is acquiring a little drowsy, to death. trivial about the process of creating drugs is honorable to nature or the environment, and although it may answer a person with sickness, on that point are even so drawbacks. Natural medicine on the other muckle is positive because it is simply found on nature. Whether soulfulness grows their own herbs for medicine, or finds them out in nature, nothing is hurt in the mean time. more or less of the testing of herbs and their medicinal benefits hold up been from people willing sufficiency to take them personally, carry throughly getting ri d of the aim for animal testing. Medicine in a indwelling state is in addition very se redress because in that location is not a list of side effects, and typically can recuperate the akin illnesses. From the facts on both of these forms of medicine, instinctive medicine appears to fork out way more benefits and positive outcomes for nature and people, however at that place are some drawbacks. How promptly visible(prenominal) are these native cures?It varies by country, and in the unite states availability of all the herbs and remedies the Chinese use are not so mild to come by. ripe medicine is consider much easier, and there is a much big supply. outperform herbalists can be found as slowly as it is to find a drug store, but they are more scarce. Also, credibility can be troubleatic of most of these herbalists because most are self employed, and there are less regulations concerning vivid remedies. The benefit of modern medicine is convenience for th e everyday public, because operating instructions are given for each drug, its uses, benefits, and side effects.With inherent remedies, you vex to put a lot more imprecate in the doctor, because inborn plants do not come with pretty stain on them, nor can they annunciate to stir the similar medicinal power consistently. How the herbs are adult, stored, and cared for can affect the last-place outcome, and sometimes to cure a veritable problem victimisation instinctive remedies, it takes a fewer tries in conclave with time. Pills be in possession of grown to shadow the medical field for many reasons, for best or for worse. Unless western estimation changes completely, or drug companies in some manner mold out of funding, modern medicine will protract to reign over lifelike remedies.Herbs are more expert for solidifying/healing isolate problems within the body, but modern medicine is much better for luck cure and control far-flung diseases and illnesses. It would be hard to come to a conclusion on which is better, because there are so many aspects to medicine. When it comes to the benefit of the environment and the people included, lifelike remedies adjudicate to be much more valuable. They do not only work hand in hand with nature, but the ethics and morals cigaret the study of natural medicine is more complete and has be through history to be very successful in fighting(a) cultures. new-fangled medicine offers a quick set out to an illness and coincides with western thoughts and ways of life, but commitment to natural remedies has proven to offer a biography of wellness while keeping people sensitive of the benefits of nature. So is one better than the other? from each one culture would have a different outdoor stage on this. or else of selection a side, would it be likely to unify them? If you mix something destructive with something constructive you can reach residuum and balance. Is such a feat get-at-able in th e world of today?

Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management - Term Paper ExampleInstead, there are entryway & Thesis StatementBackground informationStarbucks union is a US global coffee business and coffeehouse chain which is based in Seattle, Washington. Presently, Starbucks enjoys the attitude of the worlds largest coffeehouse attach to, having 20,891 stores in 62 countries. 65% of these stores are in the United States, while the rest are distributed in Canada 1,324 stores, Japan 851 stores, china 806 stores, the United Kingdom 556 stores, South Korea 377 stores, Mexico 291 stores, Taiwan 206 stores, Germany 167 stores, Thailand 171 stores, and Turkey 179 stores. All Starbucks stores serve hot and cold beverages, whole-bean coffee, snacks, full-leaf teas, micro-ground instant coffee and pastries. There are Starbucks stores which also learn in food items, hot and cold sandwiches and even in crockery particularly, mugs and tumblers. There are also other Starbucks stores which under the program dubbed Starbucks Evenings provid e a variety of wines, beers and appetizers after 430 PM. Starbucks stores, through its Hear Music brand and Starbucks Entertainment division also divvy ups music, film and books. Other Starbucks stores also sell coffee and ice-cream and deal in grocery stores. Additionally, a greater part of Starbucks stores deal in seasonal products, or products which may be specific to the office of a given product. Thesis or Main Idea of the Case Study... arbucks Corporation was already operating six stores in Seattle, just after embarking on the sale of espresso coffee which was not so popular at the time. By 1989, Starbucks was operating 46 stores across the Midwest and Northwest and was also roasting 2,000,000 pounds of coffee. The coterminous decade was also evident of Starbucks Corporations growth. In June 1992, Starbucks was already running 140 outlets and had a large pool of revenue amounting to 73.5 million US dollars. By 1992, the company had a rise in its share price by 70%. By 2013, Starbucks Corporation had developed an in-store purchases mobile phone industriousness to pave way for greater online interaction with clients. Research studies also show that at least 27,000 clients had engaged with Starbucks Corporation and made purchases worth 180,000 US dollars, since Starbucks began use online sales. Despite the gains which Starbucks Corporation has made to facilitate increase the volume of its sales and to penetrate different and newer markets, it is a fact that there are several challenges which the company has to deal with. This is especially the case when it is considered that the supply chain demand for Starbucks Corporation has to contend with a myriad of issues such as competition from other competitors, grievous regions and markets and a market that is drifting away from the love of coffee and tea beverages which are Starbucks Corporations main products. To underscore the magnitude of the problem which accosts Starbucks Corporations supply chain dem and, it is important to appreciate underlying ethical and diversity issues. Among many ethical issues, it is quite a dilemma that Starbucks Corporation should prove to circumvent health concerns that are always associated with the consumption of

Why China wants RMB currency undervalued Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Why China wants RMB currency down the stairsvalued - Essay ExampleChina has adopted a policy of intervention to control the appreciation of its currency, the renminbi (RMB), against the clam and new(prenominal) currencies. This policy measure is heavily criticized by most of its trading partners, especially the United States (Morrison and Marc 1).Chinas policy of pegging its currency against the U.S. long horse has resulted in severe devaluation of RMB. This undervaluation gives RMB an inequitable advantage over competitors in exportations. Critics argue that this policy has resulted in Chinas huge current account surplus, and global trading imbalance (Chen and Mai 4).Some analysts argue that China makes a deliberate effort to manipulate its currency in order to get an unfair trade advantage over other trading partners (Morrison and Marc 1).U.S. claims that RMBs undervaluation is leading to U.S. manufacturing business organization loss and trade deficit. On the other hand, China strongly condemns such allegations and asserts that international pressure is a form of protectionism and interference in Chinas domestic stinting policy. This research paper explores the reasons behind Chinese currencys undervaluation and implications of appreciating it. Renminbi (RMB) is the official name of Chinese currency, and it is divided in the Yuan units, RMB and Yuan are used interchangeably. China has been under extreme criticism and international political pressure to revalue its currency. The pressure is primarily led by the United States of America who asserts that competitive undervaluation of the Chinese RMB and other Asian currencies have significant influences on the U.S. economy (Bergsten). According to Cline and Williamsons estimate, RMBs 25-40 appreciation would lead to reduction of annual U.S. current account deficit by $ degree centigrade billion to $150 billion. On the other hand, proponents believe that currency appreciation is the solution to Chinas own pr oblems as it can work as a animate being to curb high inflation, lower import price, and dampen the demand for exports(Goldstein and Lardy 2006 Bergsten 2010 Tyers et al. 2008 Tung and Baker 2004 qtd. in Yang, Wei, and Simla 1). Nevertheless, there are widespread concerns about a major(ip) RMB appreciation. Within China, it is believed that a major currency appreciation would lead to slow economic growth and leave adverse employment influences on labor-intensive export sectors (Xu et al. 2011 Tang 2011 Lin 2011 Duan 2011 qtd. in Yang, Wei, and Simla 1). Background on Chinas Currency Policy Recent empirical studies reveal that undervalued currency leads to faster economic growth. It is because exports rate grow comparatively faster than import rates. Therefore, the producing country generates more foreign exchange and enhances its production capacity (Abola qtd. in Joyce). When a countrys currency is undervalued, exports grow more than imports because it will translate cheaper good s as compared to their competing trading countries (Joyce). In past, currency valuation has been used by countries who intend to promote their exports, such as, Japan and South Korea, and now China (Diokno qtd. in Joyce). Until 1994, China practiced a dual exchange rate system. It included an official fixed exchange rate system used by government, and comparatively market-based exchange rate system used by exporters and importers in swap markets. China restricted access to foreign exchange in order to saltation imports which resulted in large black market for foreign exchange.There was significant difference in the two exchange rates. In 1993, official exchange rate with dollar was 5.77 Yuan while 8.70 Yuan in the swap markets. United States criticized Chinas dual exchange rat

Measurements And Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measurements And Methods - Essay ExampleSome would argue that one method is better than the other. However, there are those that would purport that any query or study must utilize a combination of the two methods. The only idea that researchers agree one is that qualitative and numerical research methods are different in certain ways. Furthermore, there are cases when one of them is better suited for a particular study or research. soul the differences between the two will allow an individual to identify the situations wherein using one or a combination of the two is more suitable for a particular study. Moreover, researchers must realize the importance of their choice of approach especially in cases wherein the findings of their study are to be used as basis and guides for decisions well-nigh certain policies or practices.Qualitative vs. Quantitative The simplest way to distinguish the qualitative research method from the quantifiable method is that qualitative data involves wo rds magic spell the latter works with numerical data. What this means is that in quantitative research, researchers work with numbers and express their results and findings through numerical information. On the other hand, qualitative research utilizes data that comes in the form of words. (Barnes et al, 2005)Another difference is that quantitative research is deductive while qualitative research is inductive. This implies that in quantitative research, the researchers go near their study using an established theory as basis of their analysis. As such, quantitative research requires the formulation of hypothesis which will be what the researchers will be trying to prove or disprove. On the other hand, the quantitative method builds upon the data that has been collected. Patterns emerge from the analysis of the collected data. Since the quantitative method does not pay back preconceived assumptions, it can proceed without stating a hypothesis. (Barnes et al, 2005)With regards to t he order of battle of data, there is likewise a difference between the two approaches in question. Quantitative research occurs in a more controlled environment wherein the researcher merely serves as an objective observer. Intervention also plays a key role in the collection of quantitative data because it serves as a way of discovering new things. The researcher discovers new ideas and principles by observing the changes that result from changes or interventions made to the environment. In the case of the collection of qualitative data, the researcher is thought to collect the most significant data through participant observation. No changes are made to the environment and instead, the researcher attempts to overprotect a feel of the environment so as to collect relevant data for his research. Lastly, quantitative and qualitative resea

The consequences of the 1979 Iranian Revolution for Democracy, Term Paper

The consequences of the 1979 Iranian Revolution for Democracy, Freedom, and Justice in Iran - Term Paper ExampleThe 1979 Iranian Revolution is Never made According to some scholars, the governing clerics originally thought that the intellectuals and technocrats were inconsequential and that the state machinery could be transformed into something simpler to complement their motives (Lotfalian, 2009). It has been argued that Khomeinis belief that the institutions of religious education be able to supervise state affairs is accurate. The requirements and value of the state were relaxed to suit the experience and knowledge of those occupying important government positions (Ganji, 2003). But it is the contention of this paper that Iran has greatly endured this ruinous strategy of loyalty to the governing above technical and professional competence (Ganji, 2003, 209). The administration of the Akhonds has been unsuccessful in all aspects of nation pulping. Pervasive depravation has dee ply worsened the impacts of its ineffectiveness, ignorance, and preferential treatment. The utmost justification of Akhonds rule was that they would abolish the reliance of Iran on foreign countries and would be genuinely self-sufficient and autonomous. Their regime was to play as an exemplar for the exploited and poor nations (Milani, 1993, 359). The rule was to consolidate the Muslim societies across the globe. Its objective was to communicate its revolution to every Islamic community. Yet, the rude and industrial sectors of Iran, according to Milani (1993), atomic number 18 wobbling and more reliant on overseas support and imports than ever before. Multinational firms and foreign investors are now gaining more success to the detriment of the local population. The revolution is greatly opposed and ruined in Iran that even the proposal for its transmission to other Muslim communities seems absurd. There are arguments that the Iranian revolution successfully attained its objectiv e and ideology for building a new society. It commenced with a vow to improve the standard of living and build a democratic, just, and free society. Yet, it is the contention of this paper that after three decades, what the 1979 Iranian revolution has actually created is a system that has neither a rational or avant-garde foundation, nor a revolutionary blueprint for the nation. According to Kazemi (2003), it fails to carry a humanistic and moral bases and religious authority. Fundamentally, it has become an arrogant, authoritarian regime. The mullahs have been successful in retaining their powers through frauds, corruptions, and violence, yet their status is quite unsteady at present (Ganji, 2003). Obviously they have proved that they are willing to take any m to remain in power, such as prioritizing over Islam the reinforcement of political control and to the detriment of the people and the nation. The leader of the invincible Assembly of Experts, Akhond Ali Meshkini, proclaimed in 2000 that Ayatollah Khameneis powers are absolute and subject to no limitations of any kind. Popular elections have no influence on the matter. Until divine justice is restored on earth, he has guardianship over the goods and the souls of men

How Can Science and Technology Help Fight Global Problems Term Paper

How Can Science and Technology Help Fight Global Problems - Term Paper ExampleIf light is the base of knowledge and experiment then technology is its application which focuses more on developing a use for something. Science is more about the analysis, hypothesis, theories, and concepts whereas, the technology relies more on analysis and fusion of design. Technology is an applied science so it explains how these experiments are applicable to the species and how it controls them to adapt to its environment. We can find best examples of technology and science in daily lives of human. Firstly comes the internet, it is technology and to create it the experiments were d superstar which is called science. Furthermore, the example for mobile phones can be taken. A mobile phone is a technology and the experiment accomplished to make it is a science. Hence, technology is incomplete without science as they both are incorporated with each other.2) Pick one of the following natural events and describe how large events help to shape the Earth as it is today. Make sure to explain what causes the event and how scientist tries to predict such events.An seism slide bys when two blocks of earth suddenly dislocate from one another. Fault or fault plane is the surface from where they slip or dislocate and the location downstairs the earths surface where an earthquake begins is known as hypocenter and location directly above on the surface of the earth is called as an epicenter. The earthquake has lead shocks foreshocks, mainshocks and aftershocks. Foreshocks are the smaller earthquakes which are later followed by the larger earthquake known as mainshocks. Mainshocks are always followed by aftershocks which are, also the small earthquakes which occur at the same place and continue for days, weeks, months and years.

Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Economy - Essay ExampleEconomy much(prenominal) as economic reasons behind implementing sundry(a) forms non- responsibility trade protection and the structural pattern of Chinese outward Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) leave alone be answered.Trade barriers are the measures appointed by authoritiess and other public authorities for the purpose of making the imported goods and services less competitive as compared to locally produced goods. Tariff is a form of trade barrier that is imposed to restrict world-wide trade import and export activities lead to increase in the price level for consumers. In contrast, Non tariff barriers are imposed in order to control imports. The main hypothetical reason behind shifting from tariff to non-tariff protection measures is to protect the concern of developing countries, aid them to acquire funds for the purpose of running such economies and to support their weak industries to flourish (Kerr and Gaisford, 2007).Mainly half dozen type s of non tariff protections processes can be experienced in a global economy. Most important among these is specific limitation on trade such as import licensing requirement, fees, embargos, fixed proportionate restriction on foreign domestic goods and minimum import price limits. Customs and administrative entry procedures also depict non tariff trade protection methods through the ways of anti-dumping practices, tariff classifications and strict documentation and valuation systems. Intergovernmental acceptance instruments for testing methods, standards, packaging, labelling and marking, government participation in international trade by the means of procurement policies, export subsidies, countervailing duties and domestic assistance programs are the other form of non tariff trade protections. Apart from all these, government imposes specific charges on imports prior to the importation takes place and other fees such as special supplementary duties, import credit discrimination, variable levies and border taxes represents various forms of non

World Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Systems - Essay ExampleWorld systems are thereof a system that has been developed by a historian Immanuel Wallerstein. He talked about economic forces interacting not within limits, rather on a ball-shaped basis. This he say would be because of globalisation and trade links throughout the world. However, he also said that the when world push asidenot be said to be in regards with this, rather it can be said that these changes and interactions can be talked to be about on a large scale. He gave the idea of the existence of three factors that shall be talked about in the next paragraphs. He related his ideas to capitalist and non-capitalist movements. He explained how certain societies developed while others did not because of their positions on world today and previously. These societies obviously in the context of companionable systems in accordance with worlds systems nest. (Answers.com, n.d.)World systems theory does not come under social sciences by any way. It basic ally creates a wholesome form of a theory that takes into account economic, political and social characteristics and phenomenon that can be related to the events occurring throughout the world. Immanuel Wallerstein came up with this theory. His approach was very provocative and would focus on not just mere analytical proof rather on justifications related to psychological as well as ideological in nature.World systems approach aims at being a telescope rather than a microscope so as to focus on events and speculate accordingly. Global interaction is a main aim to understanding how events occur throughout the world. Wallerstein talked about world systems exiting in three categories. These categories being pertinent to specific areas places and countries. These three categories include the following encumbrancePeripherySemi- fringeThe differences between rich and poor can be shown through the relationship that is depicted by core and periphery. This shows also, the income disparities that exist between the two. Semi periphery however, is more complex. It basically has a relationship with the others that is a little difficult to understand and relate to. Wallerstein overall had the grasp of all the key elements or categories and hence could then be used in the controlling forces that define the changes that occur initiating or maintaining changes and movement in the world. Wallerstein was one often first to think of a system that was different than the earlier developed theories relating to nations and countries and their movements or changes. He described how this theory can be used to study further how all global entities interact with for each one other. This theory was developed after the Marxist one. The latter provided concepts relating to how different individual units like each country go through each stage of functioning that is either development, sustaining or even in some cases under- development. Dependency theories as they were called would focus on unequal exchange that is richer countries would be forced into having affair partnerships with poorer countries so that transfer of excess surplus from the rich countries to the poor ones could take place. Theorists claiming and supporting such views were people by the names of Frank, Samir Amin, Celsu Fertudo, and Henrique Cordoso. (Sommers, 2005)EffectsIn and during this century, we can see the effects of world systems on events by various examples. For instance, world labor regime when developed it brought ILO or international Labor Organization to it. Now, when this

Arabic Language and English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Arabic Language and English Language - Essay ExampleArabic is from the Semitic lyric family, subsequently, its grammar is altogether different from English. There is an expansive potential for lapses of impedance when Arab learners produce composed or spoken English. Arabic has a three-consonant root as its premise. any words (parts of speech) are shaped by joining the three-root consonants with altered vowel designs and, in some cases, an affix. Arab learners may be befuddled by the absence of examples in English that might permit them to recognize nouns from verbs or descriptive words, and so forth. The Arabic sentence is primarily separated into devil primary parts the newspaper column and the supplement (extra) if any. The column could be mapped to the thought of the atomic in expository structure hypothesis. The satellites of the logical structure hypothesis could be equal to the supplement. The column has two parts the data furthermore the subject. The subject could be ack nowledged as the member where an activity, a state, or a depiction is alluding to. The data could be seen as the movement, the state, or the portrayal itself. An Arabic sentence may be either ostensible sentence or a verbal sentence. The ostensible sentence begins basically with a noun and the verbal sentence begins with a verb. The mainstay of an ostensible sentence is constitute by a primate and a predicate. The primate is a noun that generally a sentence begins with. The capacity of the primate is the subject-work (the member). The predicate qualifies the primate and fills the data a piece of the mainstay of the ostensible sentence. The mainstay of the verbal sentence is constituted by a verb and an operator if the data is a known verb or a star executor if the data is a disregarded verb.While proceeding towards the parity in details it is necessary to first shed some light on the definition of culture as defined by Geert Hofstede. According to the ethnical dimensions premises acknowledged by Geert Hofstede, the westernized nations like the United States, Australia, United Kingdom, etc. creates the individualist bunch and is placed at one severe end of the mob whilst the Asian nations such as Pakistan, Hong Kong, India, Thailand, etc. forms the collectivist bunch and is placed at the other intense end of the range.

Credit Risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Credit Risk - Research Paper ExampleThe following art object of this paper will make one aware of the concept of credit put on the line in detail. Credit pretend-background The last few decades witnessed the collapse of some study banks as a result of borrowers credit re passment failure. Hence, many of the worlds largest banks and other financial institutions have developed comprehensive systems in found to deal with credit risk arising from different aspects of their businesses. The main objectives of such systems involve the identification, quantification, aggregation, and management of credit risk exposures. In modern days, those systems constitute a major(ip) part of risk management and performance measurement. Circumstances of credit risk Credit risk publicises mainly include lost principal and interest, diminishing immediate even outment flow, and rise in collection costs. The credit risk arises in a number of situations and some of them are described below. A business or consumer fails to pay the amount payable on a mortgage loan, credit card, or other loan. A business or consumer makes no payment due on a trade invoice. A business fails to pay a workers earned wages when due. A government bond issuer does not pay the amount due on a coupon or principal payment. An insolvent insurance company does not make a payment due on a policy obligation. A government sanctions bankruptcy permission to an insolvent business. Types of credit risk The credit risk is mainly of three types including scorn risk, credit spread risk, and downgrade risk. Default risk When companies or individuals are unable to make payment due on their debt obligations, it is called default risk. Lenders and investors are under fire(predicate) to default risk in all forms of credit extensions. In order to mitigate the issues associated with the default risk, lenders often charge return rates that equals the debtors level of default risk. Credit spread risk According to Fabozzi, when an issuers obligation performs inefficiently relative to other bonds as a result of an affix in the credit spread, it is called credit spread risk (638). When the credit spread increases, it leads to a proportional decline in the market price of the bond issue. order risk as Fabozzi points out, an unexpected downgrading of an issue results in an increase in the credit spread and it subsequently leads to a decline in the price of the issue (638). Such a risk is known as downgrade risk it is very closely related to credit spread risk. Assessment of credit risk Nowadays, a variety of improved sources and sophisticated programs are applied to evaluate and manage credit risk. Some companies have established separate credit risk departments to examine the financial potency of their customers and sanction (or not) credit accordingly. Such departments conduct in house programs to effectively deal with the avoidance, reduction, and transfer of credit risk. Standard & curts, Fitch Rat ings, and Dun and Bradstreet are some of the examples of organizations providing credit risk management services for a fixed fee. Majority lenders use their own models to determine and phase existing as well as potential customers on the basis of risk and thereby to apply most suitable strategies. In case of products the likes of unsecured personal loans and mortgages, lenders usually charge relatively higher price for higher risk clients in order to secure the transaction to some extent. In

Plagiarism and integrity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plagiarism and integrity - Essay ExampleIn short, the education that they argon paying for and the years of their conduct that they are sacrificing are ultimately wasted if this is a habitual trait that will be exhibited again and again. Yet, there are many reasons for why economic crisis academic integrity are noted within various individuals. As such, the following analysis will briefly present some of these reasons and causes and help the reader to come to a more informed understanding for why academic integrity is so vitally important and what motivates individuals to hump the system and to cheat their get education.One of the core reasons for why individuals display a low level of academic integrity has to do with the fact that they are simply lazy to con the required material or perform the required project (East and Donnelly 3). Although it is true that laziness is not a vital or fundamental flaw, allowing it to dictate how star displays levels of honesty or academic in tegrity is most certainly a core flaw. Another reason for why low levels of academic integrity are exhibited has to do with an individual that might have a very low level of familiarity or comfort with a given subject. For instance, an international student that struggles with English as a second language may be tempted to plagiarize as a means of performing a very difficult task easily (Mahmud and Bretig 438). Last but not least, an individual may be tempted to exhibit a low level of academic integrity in the contingence that they have put an assignment off to the very last minute so much so that the only recourse for accomplishing it within the time pointedness in question is to cheat and present someone elses work as their own (Spain 154).In essence, there are many reasons for why students cheat however, none of them are more noble than another and none of them can be excused. As such, it is necessary to ensure that all

Irs and orgainzed crime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Irs and orgainzed crime - Research Paper Example, permanence, hostility or threat of violent behaviour, prohibited ventures, legal business penetration, fraud, and neglect of principles (Finklea, 2010, p. 2). The structure, however, is not rigid but is hierarchical. In the United States, organized crime has held its roots for a long time but came to be popular in the 20th century. This was with the penetration of Italian mafia, Russian mafia, Japanese Yakuza and Chinese Tongs that the federal government battled with for most of the century (Finklea, 2010).IRS was established with a mission to introduce Americans taxpayers with excellent service through assisting them to comprehend and comply to their tax obligations, as well as enforce the law with integrity and fairness to all ( indispensable taxation Service, 2012). Under this mission, the service has a barbarous investigations (CI) department. The department seeks to serve the American public by investigating potential crimin al violations of the internal revenue write in code and related financial crimes. The crimes that the IRS investigates include tax evasion, money laundering and Bank Secrecy Act laws. It is only the IRS that has the authority to investigate potential criminal violations of the Internal Revenue Code despite there being other agencies, which deal with the same crimes (Internal Revenue Service, 2012.). For these reasons, the IRS criminal investigation works on a ball-shaped scale.The federal bureau of investigation attempts to put a stop to organized crime from all over the world. To counter the problem of financial crime, the IRSs criminal investigations department is divided into three interdependent divisions Legal Source Tax Crimes Illegal Source Financial Crimes and Narcotics Related and Counterterrorism Financial Crimes (Internal Revenue Service, 2012).The service, since the 1919 has attempted, succeeded and failed in investigating organized crime that include narcotics and mon ey laundering. One of the earliest cases is that of Al Capone in the

Internationalisation Strategies Taken by Xerox, Ricoh and Canon Dissertation

planetaryisation Strategies Taken by Xerox, Ricoh and Canon - Dissertation ExampleThe case analysis highlights the approaches and strategies that these organisations had taken in the Chinese representation electronics commercialize to overcome the challenges that it poses for companies bent on internationalisation in this setting with highly peculiar characteristics. Contents Internationalisation Strategies Taken by Xerox,1 Ricoh and Canon to respond to Challenges1 Posed By Chinas Emerging Market 1Abstract2Contents3Chapter One5Introduction5Chapter twain8Literature Review82.1 Internationalisation Challenges82.3.1 Local Market Disadvantages82.3.2 Disproportionate Operating Costs and Denial of Benefits Accorded to Domestic Firms92.3.3 Cultural Distance and Market Entry Modes102.3.4 Political Bargaining and Positioning122.3.5 Institutional Differences and Corruption132.3.6 Local Density and WFOE slaying132.3.7 Organizational Capabilities142.3.3 administrative Heritage152.3.4 Organis ational Structure172.2 Internationalisation Strategies172.2.1 Exporting192.2.2 International Licensing Agreements192.2.3 International Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances202.2.4 Wholly-Owned Foreign Enterprise212.4 Doing Business in China222.5 The Global Office Electronics Industry23Chapter triple25Research Design253.1 Case Study Approach253.2 Data Collection263.3 Framework for Analysis26Chapter 428Case Studies284.1 Short-Term Challenges284.1.1 Cultural Distance and Organisational Capabilities294.1.2 Political Bargaining and Positioning324.2 Long-Term Challenges344.2.1 Administrative Heritage354.2.2 Organisational Structure374.3 China Strategies of Office Electronics Firms 394.4 Discussion41 4.4.1 Short-Term Challenges434.4.2 Long-Term Challenges43 4.4.3...The technology for office electronics is closely associated with communications, which was perfected in the US in the 1920s. Thenceforth until the 1970s, the US was the logical world leader in this fabrication, after which i ndustry leadership shifted to horse opera Europe. Going into the 1990s, Japan broke into the world economic elite and established dominance over this industry, including all manufacturing activities related to electronics. Now the future of this industry is in China, the worlds most populous nation with 1.3 cardinal people and the axis of Asia, which in turn comprises 60 per cent of the world population.Office electronics is an $88.8 billion industry worldwide as of 2004 and still growing, with Xerox, Canon and Ricoh as the global big three. The three are just part of over 600,000 multinational enterprises, equal by about 800,000 subsidiaries, that push internationalisation in the global market (Lou, 2002). Altogether, Xerox, Canon and Ricoh account for some 28 percent of the global market finished operations in mostly developed countries. Such market share, large though it may be, is proving less and less secure as the office electronics industry in developed markets becomes sa turated and overcrowded (Datamonitor, 2005). For continued viability and long-term growth, the companies involved have to turn their sights towards emerging markets like China where future growth opportunities lie. China is a particularly attractive market, not only for its sheer size and cheap labour advantage.

The concept of having a conceptual framework in accounting is useless Essay

The concept of having a conceptual example in accounting is theatrical roleless - Essay ExampleHowever, there legion(predicate) critics who argue that the use of the conceptual framework in accounting is useless. The aim of this paper is to critically explain why many people think that the use of the conceptual framework in accounting is useless.Conceptual framework in accounting has received a lot of criticism whereby most of its critics claim that the framework does not provide adequate basis for setting standards. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has surfaced this inadequacy, which is becoming a more rule-based approach. Nevertheless, there is empirical prove that has been collected to support this argument against accounting conceptual framework (Hines 2011, p. 45). Out of the five characteristics of accounting conceptual framework, most people only rely on one characteristics, reliability, on accounting statements to make financial finalitys. In addition, acc ounting familiarity influences many people to rely on or use financial statements instead of finding other accurate ways for finding this information. Therefore, it is not only that accounting conceptual framework needs alterations, but also changes to help bonk up with accounting standards that are principles-based. Implementing principles-based standards means that many users will be able to use irrespective of their backgrounds.Many people have been criticized FASB for not advising organizations to regress out information that is useful and interpretable to the users of financial statements. Its conceptual framework is the main source of all accounting standards (Hines 2011, p. 78). Therefore, the conceptual framework for accounting essential exemplify several qualitative characteristics in order to ensure that the financial reporting is able to provide financial statement users with information that is adequate for decision making. The accounting conceptual framework of the United States was founded in the year 1980. There are five key characteristics of accounting information, which

Business regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business regulation - Essay ExampleFor the industry, alcohol beverage uses a wide range of marketing tools where most young great deal are greatly exposed in everyday life (Brabbs 2002). Further, these marketing tools result in abroad range of marketing practices that range from event sponsoring to TV commercials from advertising in social media to giving away promotional items across UK. To this effect, the paper will focus on effective alcohol marketing in the UK. The paper will quest to give a detailed analysis of alcohol advertising in the region, advertising and children, codes and practices as well as fissure solutions aimed at effective alcohol advertising.The alcohol manufacturing and advertising agencies argue that it is legally possible for the lush products to be advertised since they are legal products. Bans on the advertisings of the alcoholic products are argued to have adverse effects to the alcohol market as well as the media. The stakeholders argue that the adver tisement on the products is aimed at promoting their sales as well as offering a chance to have new drinkers to the new individual brand product. There is arguably no link amid the advertisement of alcoholic products to the overall levels of consumption of product or any related harm (Edwards 2004). The product advertisement has an objective of increasing its sales, maintaining the competitive good and provision of information to the customer on the new additives and improvements of the alcohol products of choice. The advertisements also offer a chance for the drinkers to ascertain the right products and differentiate them from counterfeits (Edwards 2004).Evidently, the intensity of advertisement and promotion of the alcoholic products appears also to provide sanctions as well as the legitimate use of the products that may result in the increased damage on individuals as well as the societies. However, alcoholic advertisements are viewed to be one sided as they avoid any

Analyse a five-minute extract of an episode of a soap Essay Example for Free

fail a five-minute extract of an episode of a soap EssayAnalyse a five-minute extract of an episode of a soap, drawing reference to features which maximise the dramatic effectiveness as seen by the audience. The dramatic effectiveness as viewed by the audience is governed by many different features, for example the camera position and angle. During a peak of tension or drama, the director may choose a close-up shot of a zooming-out shot that fades to either the credits or the conterminous stab. The way the camera captures the throw can either make a characterization take off or just blend in with any other. At the beginning of Eastenders, on that point was a birds eye view of the Square that was cut off by different conversations well-nigh dramas going on in different peoples lives. I thought this type of spy camera method was fast travel and really effective in maximising the drama in the characters lives. Another spy camera whisked through the market stalls giving you a spirit of being there with the characters and involved in their situations or dilemmas, whether they be good or bad. I wasnt aware of much editing in the scenes I was analysing, simply I often heard sound from the following scene, while the current one was still in shot.I also noticed this can be done with the music being held and the picture changing. This became apparent in the first scene, the title music was still playing but the picture had changed to Barry, a impuissance businessman who was having a angry conversation with his father Roy, about the car lot. During the theme rail line and credits at the end of the soap, I noticed continuous after the last scene has ended they interrupt the broadcast to advertise another show or an event the channel needs promoting. Although this editing isnt about the scenes in the extract I still think it is important.Lighting is a major and significant part in a soap. I am not sure if it adds too much dramatic tension to a plot but it do es help to rate the scene. In the scene, between Roy and Barry there was a silhouette created by Barry. He is usually being talked d deliver to. I think by creating a shadow, standing in the window, with his father sitting in an armchair face at his back, it shows Barry is trying to exert some dominance. Unfortunately for Barry his father was not going to stand being talked to like that. One other effect created by lighting I noticed was in E20.The lights in the night-club are always dim, even in the day, creating a mysterious, sinister atmosphere . Lighting can be very useful to a soap but only if employed in the correct manner. Dialogue is, I believe extremely important. The characters intellect and temperament is expressed through their language. The dialogue can build tension to extreme points so the audience are on the edge of their seats, and are suspending their own belief. They eat up real life for half an hour and become involved in the soap plot. Slang is used all the t ime in soaps, it is like the their own language.I also saw dialogue styles change when one person spoke to different people. A prime example is Beppe. When he talks to Lynne he has a soft, kind and friendly tone, but when Lynne leaves E20 (the setting of their conversation), Steve and Beppe are left alone. At this point Beppe lets out a sigh and his tone changes completely. His harsh and justificatory attitude returns as he talks to Steve. Tension in the scenes can be maximised by shouting or screaming. I feel a scene would be far more dramatic and interesting if the characters in it were screaming at each other, rather than discussing things politely.Voiceovers are very subtly used in soaps so that viewers barely realise that they are being used. Sometimes a shot is held for a few seconds longer than usual, while the sound from the next scene is already playing. This tension-building pause is very effective, and maximises totally the dramatic tension present in the scene. This is the only type of voice-over I saw in my five-minute extract. become effects or FX are fundamental in the formula of soap operas, they are used in every scene almost. They come in the forms of a juke box playing in the Vic, a baby crying in the market or a tube going past.These sounds add to the vatical reality of the soap. Another sound effect everyone h emeritus outs is the theme tune. The song readies the audience for the beginning of the forth coming drama. The music is used in the theme tune (which I have already analysed) is very effective in suspending the audience, making them anxious. I noticed that there is always music playing in the Vic that co-ordinates with the moods of the punters. For voice if there has just been a argument or fight and everyone is depressed and have nothing to talk about, the music will be subtle and quiet.Where as if there was a party or a celebration going on the music would be much more lively and loud. Also when there is a fight or a scene of some kind, the music is always conveniently halted, and everyone turns to see what is going on. I believe the music doesnt do much by itself to maximise the dramatic effectiveness, but it certainly aids the actors in building the illusion that they are in a busy and amicable place. Visual effects are a real essential in displaying maximised drama in soaps. I saw this from the very start of my five-minute extract.The opening picture of the Thames river in the last few years has been swapped from a model to a real one. This change has resulted in another very noticeable colour-change in the river. I think the new picture looks more realistic and gives the viewers a better first impression of the soap. Sometimes visual effects make the written report more believable and therefore more enjoyable to watch. The location is very important in the formula of a soap, as all have a certain area they focus on. In Hollyoaks it is the area around the college, in Coranation Street it is the str eet and in EastEnders it is the Square.There are very few scenes set outside the specific location in this case the Square. If there ever is the writers will make that whole episode in that place. It just so happened that in the five-minute extract that I was analysing Roy had met his long-lost son Nathan. He had many of the scenes he was in, set at Nathans mothers house. This is an unusual feature in a soap, and to be honest I didnt enjoy having the new sets and characters introduced. It didnt feel like the proper EastEnders. I feel that, that the location has a big part in the plots and dramas in soaps, as we know whenever a new location is introduced a new plot is too.Costumes add to our understanding of a character by reflecting their wealth and personality. You wouldnt expect Kat (tart) to seize the clothes Dot (pensioner) wears or vice a versa. I have been noticing now Billy has lost all his money he has ditched his designer suits for is old casual, trampy clothes. The costum es play a small part in maximising drama, as the audience wouldnt be too interested if two people in E20 were eroding tracksuits. They would be much more interested if they were wearing trendy, skimpy clothes

Motorcycle - Bajaj Auto Essay Example for Free

Motorcycle Bajaj Auto EssayThe research project was undertaken to believe the consumer preferences towards cl cc bicycles in Ludhiana city. Consumer is said to be the pivot around which the whole business activities revolve and thus it is necessary to know that how individualists make terminations. Primary data were collected from a sample of 120 respondents which was taken from the service centers of the bicycle emergelets. The factors leading to need arousal for cl cc motorcycles were identified as availability of better pick up and elegant appearance. The main source of training ab push through the motorcycle has been the media both print and electronic.Thedecision to purchase a particular denounce of motorcycle was mostly made by the guest himself. The grand factors considered while purchasing a motorcycle were pick up, styling and fuel efficiency. Bajaj Pulsar provides highest satisfaction in case of pick up, comfort, after gross revenue service and maintenance exist whereas TVS Apache provides highest satisfaction in case of appearance/design and mileage. 2 CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report STUDY OF CONSUMER PREFERENCES TOWARDS 150CC MOTORCYCLES IN LUDHIANA CITY is the bonafide work of HARPINDER SINGH. Who carried out the project work under my supervision.(Dr.MEENAL CHAUHAN) 3 CONTENTS Chapter Topic Page I INTRODUCTION 5 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 13 tercet OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 17 IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 ANALYSIS FINDINGS LIMITATIONS 20 48 49 V SUMMARY 50 ANNEXURES 53 REFERNCES 56 4 CHAPTER -1 INTRODUCTION Customers today are more than than informed and pick uping than ever.They know quality service, when they get it and they are non afraid of taking their business elsewhere if they dont get it. Refusals to acknowledge this reality can spell failure/ bendion by the one who holds the purse strings and the key to profits. gladness of customer needs, in fact, provides a rationale for the firmsexistence. Therefore customer behavior lies at the heart of modern food securities industrying and its knowledge is vital for a firms existence, growth and success. An understanding of the motives underlying the consumer behaviour helps a firm to seek better and more motionive way to satisfy customers.Consumer behaviour is the behaviour that a consumer displays in searching for purchasing, using, evaluating and disposing of harvests and services that he expects will satisfy his needs. It helps marketers know that how an individual makes decision to spend his available resources (money, quantify, and effort) on pulmonary tuberculosis tie in items.However consumer behavior is a complex system where there is an interaction of various social, economic and psychological factors. All these factors affect the purchase decision of the buyer and his perception about different carrefours. Purchase behaviour involves 2 types of purchases trial purchases (the exploratory phase in which consumer attempts to evalu ate a product through direct use) and repeat purchases which usually signify that the product meets with consumers approval and that the consumer is willing to use it again.Moreover, purchase behaviour incorporates all the activities that human universeindulges in his role of consumer, from the time when he feels a state of deprivation (need arousal) to that point of time when he obtains a means of need satisfaction 5 (purchase) and ultimately to the point of time when he has used this means for a suitability long period of time to judge the level of satisfaction it provides (post purchase evaluation). Satisfaction of consumer needs is one of the main objectives of manufacturers and marketers. The comp whatever that really understands how the customer responds to different product features, prices and advertising appeals has an enormous advantage over its competitors.In todays era of competition, a stage has r all(prenominal)ed that it is necessary to know the perceptions, needs and preferences of the target market and to incorporate the inclinationd features in the product to be sold to the consumer. Although, it is not easy to say which customer will go for which features of the product, yet marketers do make efforts to know the features for which most of the people of a particular surgical incision of parliamentary procedure look for. A successful marketer is the one who effectively develops and produces stigmatises that are of cling to to the consumer and who effectively presents these products and brands to the consumer in anappealing and persuasive way.The need to travel is as old as man himself. As the requirement for basic someoneal transportation came to the forefront, two wheelers came into picture. In the past, selling a scooter was not a problem for their manufactures. Consumers pickax was limited and the demarcation clear, but as more and more companies jumped into fray and churned out quite a number of models, the consumer who money box now didnt have much of a choice, became demanding and knowledgeable. Thus it became necessary for the producers and sellers to understand the perception,attitudes and preferences of their target markets and to load their scooters with features that added value to the product.Scooter as a product autumns in the kinsperson of consumer durables i. e. it serves many uses, requires more personal selling, service and sellers guarantee as compared to consumer non-durables. In todays society there is sufficient 6 disposable/discretionary income with large number of people to be in the market for a durable at one time or the other. Also, the consumer attitudes have changed and awareness has grown due to communication explosion. Today, two wheeler attention caters to the changing demands of theconsumers.The consumers decision to purchase or reject a product is the moment of final truth for the marketer. Consumer is hard to please and very discriminating. He is very judicious in making cho ices. The purchase of any product by him depends on the value of product to him. 1. 1 Two Wheeler Industry Automobile industry, as a whole contributes a square testicle in the gross national income of the country. Faced with a exoteric transport system, which is woefully inadequate, inefficient and undependable, the Indian customer is being increasingly agonistic to personal means of transportation.Private cars are ruled out for general public because of their high monetary value of operation and maintenance bicycles have the disadvantage of being slow and having low load bearing capacity, hence two wheelers have been the choice of middle class families because of their comparatively low price, low running cost and easy parking ability. The two wheeler industry has shown a steep growth in the recent old age, even The two wheelers have moved out of the realms of the college going student and entered the corporate offices also. With the ever-increasing prices of fuel, two wheeler s offer a cheaper pickaxe than the four wheelers.The two wheelers have also emerged as a viable option to take pressure off the public transport system, which has been dwindling with every passing day. For ages Indian buyer had limited choice as one had to front for several months to get a Bajaj scooter, however today the scenario has changed with over 50 models available to the Indian consumer. These models keep every need of the Indian consumer in mind.7 Table1MarketShares(09-10) Scooters % Market share Honda MSI 62. 8 TVS 28. 0 Bajaj 2. 5 Kinetic 6. 7 Motorcycles % Market share Hero Honda 45. 8 Bajaj 32. 4 TVS 14. 9 Yamaha 3. 8 Honda MSI 1. 8 LML Kinetic 0.1 Royal Enfield 0. 4 Majestic Suzuki Motorcycle India 0. 7 Mopeds % Market share TVS 92. 6 Majestic 2. 0 Kinetic 5. 4 antecedent Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) 1. 1. 1 Production of Two Wheelers The business of two wheelers has merely reflected the way the market has developed over the recent years. pr esent is a brief look about the doing trend of two wheelers including scooters, motorcycles and mopeds in the country based on the data provided by Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM). 8 Table 2 Productions of Two Wheelers (Figures in 000) Year Scooters Motorcycles Mopeds Total2005-06 938 2906 427 4271 2006-07 848 3876 352 5076 2007-08 935 4355 332 5623 2008-09 987 5194 348 6530 2009-10 1020 6201 380 7601 Source Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) (2009-10) Table 1. 2 shows that production for two wheelers have increased for the last five years. The two wheeler industry has experienced an accelerating thrust for the last 5 years. As table shows production of two wheelers which was 42. 71 lakhs in 2005-06 has increased to 76. 01 lakhs in 2009-10. 1. 2 THE MOTORCYCLE INDUSTRY BOOM The Indian two wheeler industry has been undergoing a extensive change.The population explosion, the transition from scooters to motorcycles, from 2-stroke engines to 4-stroke, from smaller engines to bigger ones everything seems to be happening at the same time. The growth of the plane section has been significant in the last 10 years particularly when the consumer preference has disturbed from scooters to motorcycles and from 2-stroke to 4-stroke engines. 9 All this has been an outcome of a steady rise in the level of individual income, a change in the mental capacity brought about by the spread of commandment and pervasiveness of media, a growing need for personalized transport among themembers of all age-groups, etc. No more is a fomite treated as just a commodity but has become an integral part of ones personality.It is then only natural that everything else associated with this industry should change too. The demand for motorcycles has been influenced by a number of factors over the past five years. The key demand drivers for the growth of the motorcycle industry are as followsInadequate public transportation system, especially in the semi-urban and rural areas Increased availability of cheap consumer financing in the past 3-4 years Increasing availability of fuel-efficient and low-maintenance models.Increasing urbanization, which creates a need for personal transportation Changes in the demographic profile Difference in the midst of two wheeler and passenger car prices, which makes two wheelers the entry-level vehicle tight increase in per capita income over the past five years and Increasing number of models with different features to satisfy diverse consumer needs. The Indian two wheeler industry has undergone a significant change over the past 10 years with the preference changing from scooters and mopeds to motorcycles.The scooters segment was the largest till FY1998, accounting foraround 42% of the two wheeler sales (motorcycles and mopeds accounted for 37% and 21 % of the market respectively, that year). However, the motorcycles segment that had witnessed high growth (since FY1994) became larger than the scooter 1 0 segment in terms of market share for the maiden time in FY1999. Between FY1996 and 9MFY2009, the motorcycles segment more than doubled its share of the two wheeler industry to 79% even as the market shares of scooters and mopeds stood lower at 16% and 5%, respectively. While scooter sales declined sharply by 28% in FY2005, motorcycle sales describe a healthy growth of 20%, indicating a clearshift in consumer preference.This shift, which continues, has been prompted by two major factors change in the countrys demographic profile, and technical advancements. In an effort to satisfy the distinct needs of consumers, producers are identifying emerging consumer preferences and developing cutting models. For instance, motorcycles with engine capacity over 150 cc, is a segment that has witnessed significant new product launches and hence, become more competitive. The indigenously launched Pulsar 150 had met with success on its launch and thereafter, a host of models have been launched in this segment by various players.While Bajaj Auto launched the Pulsar (150 and 180 cc) with digital twin spark technology (DTSi) that offers a powerful engine and fuel efficiency of cxxv cc models, model launches by other players include LMLs Graptor/Beamer, HMSIs Unicorn besides the HHMLs CBZ (improved version launched in 2007-08) and TVS Fiero F2. The products in this segment cater for style conscious consumers. Quite a few players are developing models combining features such as higher engine capacity with optimum mix of power and performance, and superior styling. However, the extent of shift to these products would depend on thepositioning of such products in terms of price. 1. 3Need of the study 11 The study makes significant contributions to consumer preferences concerned with 150 cc motorcycles.Various delegates, poignant purchase of 150 cc motorcycles have been identified and the existing prominent brands of 150 cc motorcycles have been compared on the buttocks of vari ous attributes. These findings will be useful for both students as well as teachers of the subject. The study will have great implications from marketers point of view in sales strategy grammatical constructiontion. Knowledge of the factors, considered important by theconsumer would be helpful to the marketers for adopting more efficient manufacturing tools. Analysis of the post purchase feelings of 150 cc motorcycles respondents and the interpretations thereof, together with the findings of the factors determine the brand preferences can be helpful to both manufacturers as well as dealers of 150 cc motorcycles thereby enabling them to meet the requirements of the market more effectively and efficiently. CHAPTER-2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE A brief review of the literature is of immense splendor with respect to any research. It is essential for understanding the scope and spectrum of researchobjectives.Various aspects of consumer preference like consumer satisfaction, impact of various attributes on purchase behavior, consumer perception, and consumer dissatisfaction are measured. 12 . Dhar and Sherman (1996) examined the effect of common and unique features in consumer choice. They said that consumer choice often involved a equivalence among the available alternatives. It was proposed that attractiveness of the choice set could be enhanced or reduced by altering features, which appeared unique. Chernev (1997) examined the effect of common features on brand choiceand moderating role of attribute splendor. It was argued that when brand attributes differed in importance, common features were likely to enhance consumer preferences for the option with the outdo value on the most important attribute, thus further polarizing brands choice shares. In contrast when attributes were similar in importance, common features were likely to have an opposite effect, equalizing brand shares. Thus, when attributes had equal importance, adding a common feature to a pair of opti ons leads to an equalization of choice shares, whereas, when attributes differed in importance, common featuresenhanced the choice share of the option with the best value on the most important attribute, leading to a further polarization of brands choice shares.Dhar et al (1999) suggested that the construction of both similarity and preference judgments could be captured by a feature-matching model that allowed for shifts in the relative weights assigned to the various features of the alternatives being compared. An application of this model was that piquant in one comparative touch on (e. g. , similarity) can influence the relative weight assigned to the features that were considered in a second comparative judgment (e.g. , preference). The effect of engaging in an initial comparison task on succeeding 13 preference judgments was tested for stimulus-based choice sets. The results on choice deferral and choice satisfaction were consistent with the notion that engaging in similari ty/dissimilarity comparisons altered the relative weight assigned to common and unique features for the two alternatives. Heilman et al (2000) examined how brand preferences and response to marketing act evolved for consumers new to a market.They developed a theoretical framework that began with a consumers first-ever purchase in aproduct category and described subsequent purchases as components of sequential stages. The theory was based on the notion that choices made by the consumer new to a market were driven by two competing forces consumers desire to collect information about alternatives and their aversion to trying risky ones. The results showed the importance of accounting for product experience and learning when studying the dynamic choice processes of consumers new to a market. Ofir and Simonson (2001) in their study found that the customer evaluations of quality and satisfaction were critical inputs in development of marketing strategies.Given the increasingly common ph ysical exertion of asking such evaluations, buyers of products and services often knew in advance that they subsequently would be asked to provide their evaluations. In a series of field and laboratory studies, the condition demonstrated that expecting to be evaluated leads to less favorable quality and satisfaction evaluations and reduces customers willingness to purchase and recommend the evaluated services. The negative bias of expected evaluations was observed when tangible quality was either low or high, and it persisted even when buyers were told explicitly to consider both the positiveand negative aspects.Tamizhselvan and Vijayakumar (2002) analyzed the significance of personal characteristics of consumers in ascertain the brand preference for soft 14 drinks in Coimbatore district. The study also identified the factors considered important in get behavior, the reasons of brand preferred by the consumers and the factors considered in the frequency of buying. It was conclud ed that the personal characteristics like sex, age, marital status, occupation, monthly income and expenditure, type of family and size of family had a significant influence on brand preference and buying behavior of the consumers.Bhattacharya and Sen (2003) tried to determine why and under what conditions consumers entered into strong, committed and meaningful relationships with certain companies, became champions of these companies and their products. The authors proposed that strong consumer-company relationships often resulted from consumers identification with those companies, which helped them to satisfy one or more important self-definitional needs. Aggarwal (2005) stated that when consumers formed relationships with brands, they use norms of interpersonal relationships as a guide in their brand assessments.Two relationship types were examined exchange relationships in which benefits were given up to others to get something back and communal relationships in which benefits w ere given to show concern for others needs. The conceptual model proposed that an adherence to or a encroachment of these relationship norms influenced the appraisal of the specific marketing action and also the overall brand evaluations. Erdem and Swait (2006) examined the role of brand credibility (trustworthiness and expertise) on brand choice and setting across multiple product categories that vary in regard potential disbelief about attributes andassociated information acquisition costs and perceived risks of consumption.It was found that brand credibility increased probability of inclusion of a brand in the consideration set, as well as brand choice conditional on consideration. It was also 15 found that although credibility impacts brand choice and consideration set formation more and through more constructs in contexts with high uncertainty and sensitivity to such uncertainty, credibility effects were present in all categories. Finally, the results indicated that trustwor thiness, rather than expertise, affect consumer choice and brand consideration more.Simonson (2007) examined the basic assumptions underlying individual marketing and presented a process model of customers responses to customized offers. The model addressed (1) preference development (2) evaluation of customized offers (3) likelihood of purchasing the customized offers and (4) maintenance of relationships with one-to-one marketers. The analysis lead to specific propositions regarding determinants of customers responses to customized offers. The author also discussed future research directions and managerial implications. It can be concluded that many studies have been done to study the variousfactors related to impact of various attributes on purchase behavior, consumer perception, customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction, etc.A study is required to identify the attributes considered while purchasing and compare selected brands on infrastructure of these attributes. CHAPTER-3 OBJ ECTIVES OF STUDY- The present study aims at evaluating factors of 150 cc motorcycles affecting their purchase and on the earth of these factors to give suggestions to the brands to 16 improve the market share of their respective products. More specifically, objectives of study are 1. To identify the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of150 cc motorcycles.2. To compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of attributes. 3. To study the consumer preferences towards the 150 cc Motor Cycles. 4. To study the factors that influences the purchase of 150 cc motorcycle. 5. To determine the need of purchase of 150 cc motorcycle CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - MATERIALS AND METHODS The present chapter describes the research methodology of the study. In order to satisfy the objectives, this chapter explains in detail the research methodology which is divided into five sections piece 4. 1 deals with research framework Section 4.2 deals with population and sa mple selection Section 4. 3 17 deals with data collection Section 4. 4 deals with analysis of data and Section 4. 5 deals with limitations of the study. 4. 1 Research Framework The present study is based on the objectives of identifying the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles and to compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of these attributes in the city of Ludhiana. The study uses both primary and lower-ranking information.The research design for the present study is descriptive. The motorcycles available forthe study are Bajaj Pulsar, Hero Honda CBZ, Honda Unicorn and TVS Apache. As it is clear from the objectives of the study, the study was divided into two parts i. e. to identify the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles and then to compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of these attributes. For both the objectives of the study, primary data was collected throug h a structured questionnaire. Then in order to arrive at the results proper statistical tools were used on the information collected from the respondents. 4. 2 Population and Sample Selection.ThepopulationofthestudyincludesthepersonsinLudhianacitywho owned a 150 cc motorcycle. For meeting the first objective, list of dealers dealing in 150 cc motorcycles in Ludhiana was prepared. Sample was collected in two stages. In the first stage, two dealers each of the four companies in the city were selected randomly from the available list of dealers for four companies. In the second stage of sample selection, service centers of each of the selected dealers 18 were visited. At each service center, 15 respondents were contacted. The sample size was 120. The quest dealers were selected 1. Bajaj Pulsar.?Dada Bajaj, Savitiri Complex, Dholewal Chowk, Ludhiana ?Impact Bajaj, Sherpur Chowk, GT Road By Pass, Ludhiana 2. Hero Honda CBZ/Achiver ?Nihal Singh Motors, Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana ?Stan Whee ls (P) Ltd. , G T Road, Near Sherpur Chowk, Ludhiana 3. TVS Apache ?Gulzar Trading Company, Dholewal, Ludhiana ?TVS Gulzar, Near Aarti Chowk, Ludhiana 4. Honda Unicorn ?Sarvpriya Autos Pvt. Ltd. , Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana ?Pioneer Honda, G T Road, Dholewal, Ludhiana 4. 3 Data Collection Keeping in view the objectives of this study, both primary and secondary data were required. A structured and non-disguised questionnaire was prepared forcollecting primary information from the customers. Questionnaire is shown in Annexure-I.Questions were asked relating to their income, occupation, about factors which were considered by the respondents while purchasing a motor bike, 19 about factors influencing them to purchase, rating of different brands of 150 cc motorcycles and satisfaction level from the various motorcycles. The questions asked were multiple choice and open ended. Five points scale was used. For classification of attributes the following points were used most important (MI), imp ortant (I), neutral (N), unimportant (UI) and most unimportant (M.U. I). Secondary data was collected from various journals /magazines, websites and dealers regarding the market performance of these motorcycles. 4. 4 Data Analysis The data collected with the help of questionnaires were analyzed with the help of percentages, means, weighted mean scores etc. In order to find importance given to various attributes of a 150 cc motorcycles by the buyer at the time of purchase, weighted mean scores were calculated and each attribute was ranked on the basis of weighted mean scores. Mean score was calculated for the questions asked on a 5-point scale.In the5-point scale the respondents were asked to indicate their degree of importance they showed for various attributes related to the 150 cc motorcycles from most important to most unimportant. Scores were assigned from 1 to 5 for the degree of importance (1 for most important, 2 for important, 3 for neutral, 4 for unimportant and 5 for most unimportant). Frequencies were multiplied with their respective weights and aggregate values were found out. Mean score was calculated using the formula Mean score = ? wifn/n i = 1 to 5 n = 30 for each brand respondents 20 where, wi = Weight attached for degree of importancefn = Associated frequency n = Number of respondents.If the mean score was more than the middle point of the scale, it was concluded that the respondents by and large tend to agree with the statement. 21 RESULTS AND password This chapter contains the results and discussion of the primary data collected from the respondents. The study is conducted to identify the attributes considered while purchasing the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles and to compare selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on basis of these attributes. This chapter is divided into four sections Section 4. 4.1 deals with demographic profile of the respondents Section 4. 4. 2 deals with identification of the attributes considered while purchasi ng the selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles Section 4. 4. 3 deals with Satisfaction from selected brands of 150 cc motorcycles on the basis of various attributes. 4. 4. 1 Demographic profile of the respondents The demographic profile of the respondents has been classified on the basis of age, occupation, education and family income. 4. 4. 1. 1 Classification on the basis of age Age of a person is considered as an important factor in decision making and choice made by the person.The respondents were classified into four different age groups. The age classification of the respondents is given in Table 4. 4. 1. 1 22 Table 4. 4. 1. 1 Age keen statistical distribution of respondents Age Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Total Below 25 14 11 15 13 53 25-35 13 13 11 10 47 35-45 3 6 4 5 18 Above 45 0 0 0 2 2 Total 30 30 30 30 120 14 13 3 0 11 13 6 0 15 11 4 0 13 10 5 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ /Ach iever TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Age wise distrib ution of respondents Below 25 25-35 35-45 Above 45.ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION On the overall most of the respondents i.e. 53 were downstairs the age of 25 and about 47 in the age group of 25-35 and rest above 35. If we analyze for each motorcycle separately, it was seen that around 75% of motorcycle users in case of Bajaj Pulsar and Hero Honda CBZ and around 70% in case of Honda Unicorn and TVS Apache were below the age of 30 which eventually means that a major chunk of the motorcycle market includes youth only. 23 4. 4. 1. 2 Classification on the basis of occupation The respondents were surveyed about their occupation as it plays an important role in the purchase behaviour and affects consumers preferences. Theclassification according to occupation is shown in Table 4. 4. 1. 2. Table 4. 4. 1. 2Occupation wise distribution of respondents Occupation category Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Total Student 20 19 21 17 77 Business 6 6 6 7 25 business 3 4 3 6 16 Other s 1 1 0 0 2 Total 30 30 30 30 120 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION 24 As regards the occupation profile of the 150 cc motorcycle owners, there was not much difference between the four motorcycles. The student community dominates in all the four brands (about 70%), while the ratio business to profession is around 21 on average. 4. 4.1. 3 Classification on the basis of education level The educational qualification also effects the behavior of a person as it shows how informed a choice was made while buying something. Also it is generally assumed that qualification is directly related to the kind of job a person is engaged in. Therefore, the respondents were classified according to educational qualifications in Table 4. 4. 1. 3. Table 4. 4. 1. 3 Education wise distribution of respondents EDUCATION Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Total Under-Gradua te 16 20 18 15 69 Graduate 7 4 6 7 24 Post-graduate 4 2 3 4 13.Professional 3 4 3 4 14 TOTAL 30 30 30 30 120 25 16 7 4 3 20 4 2 4 18 6 3 3 15 7 4 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ/ Achiever TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Education wise distribution of respondents Under-Graduate Graduate Post-graduate Professional ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION As regards to education characteristic, it is seen that most of the respondents are either undergraduates or graduates. This fact is in conjunction with the fact that a major chunk of 150 cc motorcycle owners belong to the age group of below 25 and are mostly students 4. 4. 1. 4. Classification on the basis of family income.One of the most important factors influencing the consumer preferences is the income of the respondents. The income determines the choice of a respondent particularly in brand selection and the brand personality that a person associates 26 with himself. The classification of respondents according to their family income is given in table 4. 4. 1. Table 4. 4. 1. 4 Income wise distribution of respondents Family Income Bajaj Pulsar Hero Hon da CBZ TVS Apache Honda Unicorn TOTAL Below 1,50,000 3 2 2 3 10 1,50,000-2,00 ,000 9 9 10 8 36 2,00,000-2,50 ,000 14 13 10 13 50 Above 2,50,000 4 6 8 6 24 27 3 9.14 4 2 9 13 6 2 10 10 8 3 8 13 6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Bajaj Pulsar Hero Honda CBZ/ Achiever TVS Apache Honda Unicorn Income wise distribution of respondents Below 1,50,000 1,50,000-2,00,000 2,00,000-2,50,000 Above 2,50,000 ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION The maximum percentage of respondents (around 60%) are in the higher income groups i. e. above 2,00,000, about 30% of the respondents fall in 150000-200000, nearly 42% in 200000-250000 , and the highest income group above 2,50,000 accounts for about 1/5th of the respondents . 28 4. 4. 2 Identification of the attributes considered while purchasing theselected brands of 150 cc motorcycles.This section deals with identification of the various factors, affecting preferences of the 150 cc motorcycle respondents. Preferences of respondents were identified by studying the various attribute s of 150 cc motorcycle, which affected the purchase decision of the respondents and also by studying the post purchase satisfaction of the 150 cc motorcycle respondents. The decision to buy any product is influenced by a number of factors. The factors might be those, arousing need for the 150 cc motorcycle. Various influencers might have affected the purchase decision of resp.